Nd-Sr-Pb isotopes of Emeishan basalt in the Zhaotong area of northeastern Yunnan—Coupling relationship between source of Emeishan mantle plume and Rodinia supercontinent
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摘要:
滇东北昭通地区峨眉山玄武岩Nd-Sr-Pb同位素的最新研究结果表明，该区玄武岩样品普遍具有1000~900 Ma的亏损地幔Nd模式年龄，其源区可能为来自下地幔类似地幔集中带(FOZO)组分(10%~40%)的地幔橄榄岩和来自古老再循环洋壳的类似EM1组分(60%~90%)不同比例混合而成。样品满足Dupal异常边界条件，暗示峨眉山玄武岩岩浆形成及侵位时与目前所处的纬度有较大差异，二者可能有较大的空间距离。据此，提出新的峨眉山地幔柱形成模式：1000~900 Ma，源于Rodinia超大陆事件中衍生的洋壳发生了俯冲消减作用，洋壳经部分熔融后的固态残留物在660 km地幔过渡带中堆积，形成较冷的难熔"巨石体"。晚二叠世(约260 Ma)，这些"巨石体"(很可能是榴辉岩相的超高压变质岩)受重力驱动作用进一步下沉到核幔边界"D"层时，发生钙钛矿→后钙钛矿的矿物相转变，这是一个强烈的放热反应，导致下地幔及俯冲板片堆积体自身的部分熔融，引起深部高温富铁、富钛的熔融体上涌进入地幔，形成地幔柱。这些岩浆大规模的上涌、喷发，形成了扬子陆块西缘规模巨大的峨眉山大火成岩省(LIPs)。此时古地理位置还处于南半球的某个位置，古特提斯大洋关闭后，这些携带南半球特有的地球化学烙印(Dupal异常)的玄武岩随着扬子板块一路向北漂移，到达今天的位置。
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关键词:
- 峨眉山玄武岩 /
- Nd-Sr-Pb同位素 /
- 地幔柱 /
- Rodinia超大陆 /
- 洋壳的俯冲、再循环
Abstract:The latest Nd-Sr-Pb isotopes study of Emeishan basalt in the Zhaotong area of northeastern Yunnan Province shows that the basalt samples generally have a 1000~900 Ma Nd model age of depleted mantle. The source could be generated by mixing of different proportions of a recycled ancient oceanic crust component(EM1-like, 60%~90%) and a peridotite component from the lower mantle(FOZO-like component, 10%~40%). The sample satisfies the Dupal anomaly boundary condition, suggesting that the latitude of Emeishan basalt magma formation and emplacement is quite different from the current latitude, and there may exist a large space distance between them. Therefore, a new model for the formation of the Emeishan mantle plume is proposed. During 1000~900 Ma, the oceanic crust derived from the Rodinia supercontinent event subducted and subsided, and the remnants of the oceanic crust piled on the 660 km mantle transition zone to form relatively cold refractory megaliths. In the Late Permian(~260 Ma), these megaliths(probably eclogite facies super-compressive metamorphic rocks) further subsided down to the "D" layer of the core-mantle transition, and resulted in the transformation from perovskite to post-perovskite, which was a strong exothermic reaction resulting in partial melting of lower mantle and subducting plate accumulations themselves, leading to upwelling of high temperature iron and titanium to form the mantle plume. The large scale upwelling and eruption of these magmas formed the large-scale Emeishan Igneous Province(LIPs) in the west of Yangtze block. At this time, the paleogeographic location was still in a certain position in the southern hemisphere. After the closure of the Paleotethys, these basalts bearing the unique geochemical imprint of the southern hemisphere(Dupal anomaly) drifted northward along with the Yangtze plate and reached the present position.
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表 1 峨眉山玄武岩Pb同位素分析成果
Table 1. Pb isotopic compositions of Emeishan basalts
样品编号 同位素比值 主要参数 206Pb/204Pb 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204Pb μ ω Th/U Δ7/4 Δ8/4 PM002-8-1 17.606 15.570 37.973 8.38 35.29 4.08 17.05 106.03 PM002-11-1 17.638 15.590 38.071 8.41 35.69 4.11 18.70 111.97 PM021-7-1 17.663 15.591 38.067 8.43 35.68 4.09 18.53 108.54 PM021-8-1 17.636 15.625 38.131 8.41 35.94 4.14 22.23 118.21 PM021-11-1 17.692 15.649 38.230 8.46 36.35 4.16 24.02 121.34 PM008-8-1 17.837 15.597 38.315 8.61 36.71 4.13 17.25 112.31 PM002-12-1 17.687 15.555 38.038 8.46 35.56 4.07 14.67 102.74 PM008-13-1 17.589 15.605 38.098 8.36 35.81 4.15 20.74 120.59 PM008-20-1 17.788 15.585 38.167 8.56 36.09 4.08 16.58 103.43 PM021-27-1 17.678 15.619 38.173 8.45 36.12 4.14 21.17 117.33 PM021-44-1 17.689 15.606 38.122 8.46 35.90 4.11 19.75 110.90 PM022-7-1 17.626 15.640 38.225 8.40 36.33 4.19 23.83 128.82 PM002-19-1 17.895 15.473 38.237 8.67 36.38 4.06 4.22 97.49 PM022-15-1 17.677 15.606 38.154 8.45 36.04 4.13 19.88 115.55 PM022-20-1 17.624 15.572 38.016 8.39 35.46 4.09 17.06 108.16 PM002-26-1 17.690 15.530 38.041 8.46 35.57 4.07 12.14 102.68 PM008-26-1 17.572 15.557 37.963 8.34 35.24 4.09 16.12 109.15 PM008-35-1 17.578 15.612 38.113 8.35 35.87 4.16 21.55 123.42 PM022-23-1 17.657 15.619 38.166 8.43 36.09 4.14 21.40 119.17 PM002-29-1 17.578 15.530 37.920 8.35 35.07 4.07 13.35 104.12 PM008-29-1 17.777 15.562 38.143 8.55 35.99 4.07 14.40 102.36 PM002-56-1 17.602 15.578 38.070 8.37 35.69 4.13 17.89 116.22 
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表 2 昭通地区峨眉山玄武岩Sr同位素分析成果
Table 2. Sr isotopic compositions of Emeishan basalts in the Zhaotong area
样品编号 同位素比值 主要参数 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr (87Sr/86Sr)0 εSr(t) Rb/Sr ΔSr PM002-8-1 0.1396 0.70658 0.706066 26.66 0.05 60.7 PM002-11-1 0.2836 0.70681 0.705765 22.40 0.10 57.7 PM021-7-1 0.3718 0.70726 0.705890 24.17 0.13 58.9 PM021-8-1 0.1542 0.70617 0.705602 20.08 0.05 56.0 PM021-11-1 0.7069 0.70915 0.706545 33.48 0.25 65.5 PM008-8-1 0.2033 0.70718 0.706431 31.85 0.07 64.3 PM002-12-1 0.1689 0.70607 0.705448 17.89 0.06 54.5 PM008-13-1 0.1985 0.70663 0.705899 24.29 0.07 59.0 PM008-20-1 0.2215 0.70662 0.705804 22.95 0.08 58.0 PM021-27-1 0.1547 0.70631 0.705740 22.04 0.05 57.4 PM021-44-1 0.2007 0.70632 0.705581 19.78 0.07 55.8 PM022-7-1 0.2200 0.70579 0.704979 11.24 0.08 49.8 PM002-19-1 0.1521 0.70719 0.706630 34.67 0.05 66.3 PM022-15-1 0.4582 0.70737 0.705682 21.21 0.16 56.8 PM022-20-1 0.1815 0.70650 0.705831 23.34 0.06 58.3 PM002-26-1 0.2064 0.70640 0.705640 20.61 0.07 56.4 PM008-26-1 0.1201 0.70601 0.705567 19.59 0.04 55.7 PM008-35-1 0.1745 0.70649 0.705847 23.56 0.06 58.5 PM022-23-1 0.1852 0.70639 0.705708 21.58 0.06 57.1 PM002-29-1 0.1783 0.70633 0.705673 21.09 0.06 56.7 PM008-29-1 0.2182 0.70635 0.705546 19.29 0.08 55.5 PM002-56-1 0.3480 0.70822 0.706938 39.05 0.12 69.4
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表 3 昭通地区峨眉山玄武岩Nd同位素分析成果
Table 3. Nd isotopic compositions of Emeishan basalts in the Zhaotong area
样品编号 同位素比值 主要参数 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd (143Nd/144Nd)0 εNd(t) Sm/Nd tDM/Ma PM002-8-1 0.1199 0.512504 0.512301 -0.07 0.20 1049 PM002-11-1 0.1215 0.512540 0.512334 0.58 0.20 1008 PM021-7-1 0.1235 0.512538 0.512329 0.47 0.20 1034 PM021-8-1 0.1217 0.512541 0.512335 0.59 0.20 1009 PM021-11-1 0.1204 0.512480 0.512276 -0.56 0.20 1094 PM008-8-1 0.1170 0.512483 0.512285 -0.39 0.19 1051 PM002-12-1 0.1196 0.512548 0.512345 0.79 0.20 975 PM008-13-1 0.1268 0.512588 0.512373 1.34 0.21 986 PM008-20-1 0.1285 0.512614 0.512396 1.79 0.21 959 PM021-27-1 0.1215 0.512548 0.512342 0.73 0.20 995 PM021-44-1 0.1253 0.512613 0.512401 1.87 0.21 926 PM022-7-1 0.1208 0.512567 0.512362 1.13 0.20 957 PM002-19-1 0.1274 0.512563 0.512347 0.83 0.21 1037 PM022-15-1 0.1287 0.512614 0.512396 1.78 0.21 961 PM022-20-1 0.1303 0.512620 0.512399 1.85 0.22 969 PM002-26-1 0.1284 0.512621 0.512403 1.93 0.21 945 PM008-26-1 0.1255 0.512633 0.512420 2.26 0.21 894 PM008-35-1 0.1232 0.512607 0.512398 1.83 0.20 915 PM022-23-1 0.1310 0.512630 0.512408 2.02 0.22 958 PM002-29-1 0.1257 0.512627 0.512414 2.13 0.21 906 PM008-29-1 0.1282 0.512597 0.512380 1.47 0.21 986 PM002-56-1 0.1276 0.512587 0.512371 1.29 0.21 997
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