An analysis of the characteristics of water storage structure and the practice of groundwater exploration in the basalt area of Zhangbei County, Bashang, Hebei Province
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摘要:
张北县地处燕山-太行山集中连片贫困区，区内玄武岩区地质条件复杂，找水难度较大，水源型缺水村庄普遍存在。通过野外观测、理论分析及典型找水实例剖析，开展玄武岩区蓄水构造类型及其富水性影响因素研究。结果显示，区内玄武岩蓄水构造类型主要可以分为单斜型、断裂型、大型孔洞型三类，其中，单斜型蓄水构造依据玄武岩出露条件等又可细分为台地型、平原埋藏型、火山锥外围型及河谷型。富水性影响因素方面，单斜型蓄水构造主要与玄武岩孔洞、裂隙的连通性及其所夹碎屑岩的岩性、结构有关；断裂型蓄水构造受断裂的力学性质及后期活动性影响较大，一般张性断裂、新近活动的断裂导水、富水性较好；大型孔洞型蓄水构造储水空间巨大，富水性极好，其富水性影响因素主要与玄武岩孔洞规模及连通性有关。研究成果对于提高坝上玄武岩区找水打井成井率，解决缺水群众饮水安全问题等具有较好的借鉴意义。
Abstract:Zhangbei County is located in the contiguous poverty-stricken area of Yanshan Mountain-Taihang Mountain.The geological conditions of the basalt area are complex, which makes it difficult to find groundwater, and hence water-shortage villages are commonly existent.Based on field survey, theoretical analysis and analysis of typical groundwater exploration examples, the authors investigated the water storage structures types in the basalt area and their water-enrichment factors and summarized three types of water storage structures in this area, i.e., monoclinic structure, fault structure, and large holes.The monoclinal water storage structure can be subdivided into platform type, plain buried type, volcanic cone type and valley type according to the basalt exposure conditions.In terms of the influencing factors of water-enrichment, the monoclinic water storage structure is mainly related to the connectivity of basalt holes and fissures as well as the lithology and structure of the clastic rocks in basalt.The fault structure type water storage structure is greatly affected by the mechanical properties of faults and the later activity of the faults.Tensional faults and the newly active faults have good water conductivity and water enrichment capacity.The water storage space of the large hole type water storage structure is huge and hence the water-enrichment is very good.The influence factors of water enrichment are mainly related to the size and connectivity of basalt caverns.The results play a significant role for improving the success rate of finding groundwater in basalt areas so as to solve the problem of drinking water safety for water shortage people.
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Key words:
- Zhangbei County /
- basalt /
- water storage structures /
- groundwater exploration /
- Hebei Province
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