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摘要:
芬兰科密铬铁矿床是欧洲规模最大的铬铁矿床。对该矿床的地质背景、矿床特征、矿床成因及找矿标志进行了总结。结果表明，该矿床与古元古代层状超镁铁质杂岩体具有密切的时空分布关系，杂岩体内的铬铁矿床具典型的层状堆积特征，矿层延伸稳定。由于Cr/Fe值较低，该矿床矿石品位在世界同类矿床中属偏低水平。同位素年代学证据表明，其形成于古元古代早期（2.44 Ga），是由卡累利阿造山作用诱发多期次岩浆侵入活动并与新太古代基底岩层发生混染作用形成的。科密铬铁矿床属于层状铬铁矿床，其地质特征与中国目前已发现的豆荚状或似层状铬铁矿床存在一定区别。
Abstract:The Kemi deposit is the largest chromite deposit in Europe.The authors have summarized its geological setting, orebody features, ore genesis and ore indicators in this paper.The deposit is hosted by early Proterozoic Kemi layered complex, which strikes northeastward along the Svecokarelidic Perapohja schist belt.The chromite deposit in the complex has typical layered accumulation characteristics and the ore layers extend steadily.Due to the low Cr/Fe ratio in ore, its grade belongs to low level among similar ore deposits in the world.Isotopic geochronology evidence suggests that the mineralization age is 2.44 Ga, indicating that the metallogenesis of chromitite deposit occurred in early Paleoproterozoic.During the Karelia orogeny, the chromitite was deposited when the input of magma into the Kemi intrusion was contaminated by salic material from the underlying basement complex.This magma was mixed with the fresh input of primitive magma, resulting in chromite saturation.The chromite crystals were formed during mixing in a plume.The Kemi deposit is a layered type chromitite deposit, and its geological features are different from features of podiform type or stratoid type chromite deposits discovered in China.
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Key words:
- Kemi /
- chromitite deposit /
- geological features /
- ore indicators /
- Finland
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Table 1. Comparison of geological characteristics between the Kemi deposit and chromite deposits in China
代表矿床 矿床类型 探明矿石储量/104t 主要矿化特征 构造背景 成矿时代 芬兰科密 层状铬铁矿床 3600 横向连续的富铬铁矿矿层 太古宙芬诺斯堪迪亚地盾 古元古代 西藏罗布莎 蛇绿岩型豆荚状铬铁矿床 656 豆荚状、脉状透镜状矿体，形态不规则，断续出露 显生宙冈底斯-喜马拉雅造山系 古生代 河北高寺台 似层状铬铁矿床 17 以似层状、板状、楔状、囊状矿体为主 华北克拉通北缘裂谷带 早中生代 
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