High pressure metamorphic belt in central Qiangtang, Tibetan Plateau: Progress and unsolved problems
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摘要:
羌塘中部高压变质带是目前青藏高原内部延伸规模最大的高压变质带，是理解特提斯演化的关键地质记录。高压变质带主要沿龙木措-双湖-澜沧江缝合带一线出露，主要由榴辉岩、蓝片岩、石榴子石多硅白云母片岩及少量高压麻粒岩组成。其中，榴辉岩主要出露于戈木、果干加年山、冈玛错、巴青及滇西的勐库地区，主要呈透镜状产于石榴子石多硅白云母片岩中。除巴青地区的榴辉岩外，其余地区榴辉岩的峰期变质温度较低且含有硬柱石及其假象，峰期变质条件位于硬柱石榴辉岩相稳定区域，是洋壳冷俯冲的产物。虽然对于戈木地区榴辉岩锆石成因仍有争议，但已有资料显示，羌塘中部高压变质带主体变质时代集中在晚三叠世，其相关高压变质岩石的折返可能与洋盆的闭合及随后的陆-陆碰撞相关。近期研究表明，羌塘中部可能存在二叠纪低温高压变质岩，折返于大洋俯冲阶段，可能与洋岛或海山的俯冲及引发的俯冲侵蚀作用相关。此外，羌塘香桃湖地区出露早古生代的基性高压麻粒岩，是冈瓦纳大陆北缘陆块拼贴的记录。因此，对羌塘中部高压变质带进行进一步系统的研究工作，对于深入理解冈瓦纳北缘构造演化及古特提斯的俯冲与闭合过程具有重要的意义。
Abstract:A 500km-long high-pressure metamorphic belt has been documented in the central Qiangtang Block of northern Tibet, which is thought to have constituted the crucial geological archives of subduction and exhumation of Paleo-Tethys oceanic lithosphere. The high-pressure metamorphic rocks are mostly exposed along the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture zone, and are composed of eclogites, blueschists, garnet-phengite-schists (Grt-Phn schists), and minor high-pressure mafic granulites. The eclogites in central Qiangtang are reported from Gemu, Guoganjianian Mt., Gangma Co, Baqing, and Mengku area, and occur mainly as blocks or small lenses in Grt-Phn schists. Apart from newly discovered Baqing eclogites, most eclogites from central Qiangtang Block are characterized by low peak temperatures and presence of lawsonite or pseudomorphs of epidote + paragonite, and their peak P-T results lie mainly in the lawsonite-eclogite field. The ages of most eclogites and blueschists from central Qiangtang block have been constrained as Late Triassic which are regarded as the results of closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and following continental collision. Furthermore, the Permian high-pressure metamorphic rocks were also identified and their P-T-t paths revealed a complete evolutional history for the subduction erosion in response to the subduction of seamounts (or oceanic islands). Moreover, the discovery of Silurian high-pressure granulites in the central Qiangtang block indicates the existence of a previous collisional event on the northern margin of the Indo-Australian Gondwana. Hence, further comprehensive studies of the high-pressure metamorphic belt in central Qiangtang will provide valuable insights into the tectonic evolution of the north margin of Gondwana during the early Paleozoic and the opening and closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.
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Key words:
- Tibetan Platean /
- Qiangtang block /
- eclogite /
- blueschist /
- Paleo-Tethys Ocean
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表 1 羌塘中部榴辉岩中金红石微量元素含量及金红石锆温度计计算结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS analyses of trace elements in rutile grains and peak temperature estimated by zircon-in-rutile thermometer of eclogites from central Qiangtang
元素 GZ85-1 GZ85-14 CM14073-1 CM1407-2 CM1407-3 CM1407-4 CM1407-5 片石山 片石山 果干加年山 果干加年山 果干加年山 果干加年山 果干加年山 Sc 1.63 0.80 1.78 1.15 0.98 1.09 1.24 V 1478 1594 914 893 906 933 908 Cr 40.8 30.6 282 817 464 340 383 Ni 0.00 0.34 0.06 0.34 0.60 0.09 0.36 Y 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 Zr 58.4 39.7 41.0 45.8 37.1 37.1 41.5 Nb 421 468 116 189 106 121 127 Hf 2.41 1.72 2.36 3.04 2.32 2.24 2.29 Ta 23.0 29.4 10.3 20.6 8.11 9.17 10.2 Pb 0.05 0.00 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.08 T[70] 523 471 475 490 462 462 477 T[71] 526 503 505 511 499 499 506 T[72] 581 557 550 565 553 553 559 
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