The petrogenesis and geological significance of the Late Triassic andesite and dioritic xenolith in the Riwanchaka area, central Qiangtang, northern Tibet
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摘要:
龙木错-双湖-澜沧江缝合带将羌塘板块划分为南、北2个次级板块，在缝合带两侧大规模发育晚三叠世岩浆作用，并伴随大量的高压超高压变质岩。在缝合带以南的日湾茶卡地区识别出一套安山岩，其中发育大量的暗色闪长质捕虏体，锆石U-Pb测年结果在安山岩中获得了364.7±1.9Ma和223.9±1.3Ma两组年龄信息，锆石原位Hf同位素测试结果εHf（t）分别为+7.22~+8.69和-5.94~-4.14。结合羌塘中部已有的研究成果，认为闪长质捕虏体形成于晚泥盆世洋壳俯冲背景，是地幔楔部分熔融底侵至地壳的产物；而安山岩形成于晚三叠世碰撞后伸展背景，是深部板片断离机制下深俯冲陆壳边缘一侧熔体混染晚泥盆世新生地壳的产物。安山岩中闪长质捕虏体的发现支持了俯冲带作为大陆生长的重要场所的观点。
Abstract:The Qiangtang terrane can be divided into northern and southern terranes by the Longmu-Shuanghu-Lancangjiang Suture Zone (LSLSZ). Late Triassic magmatic rocks are widely exposed on both sides of LSLSZ, coeval with exhumation of the metamorphic rocks. Recently, Late Triassic andesite and dioritic xenolith were identified in the Riwanchaka area of central Qiangtang. New U-Pb zircon ages and geochemical and Hf isotopic data for andesite and dioritic xenolith are reported in this paper. Crystallized and inherited zircons from the andesites yielded ages of 223.9±1.3Ma and 364.7±1.9Ma, with initial εHf(t) values being -5.94 to -4.14 and +7.22 to +8.69, respectively. Together with recently published data, the authors hold that the dioritic xenoliths were derived from the mantle wedge in an oceanic subduction setting of Late Devonian while the andesites were derived from mixing between Southern Qiangtang crust-derived melt and Late Devonian dioritic juvenile crust under a post-collisional extension setting by slab breakoff. The presence of dioritic xenoliths in the andesites further supports the viewpoint of the existence of a subduction zone as an important site for the growth of continental crust.
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Key words:
- central Qiangtang /
- Late Triassic /
- andesite /
- slab breakoff /
- crustal growth
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图 4 安山岩与闪长质捕虏体球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)（原始地幔、球粒陨石和上地壳数据据参考文献[23]）
Figure 4.
表 1 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon isotopic U-Th-Pb analyses
点号 元素含量/10-6 207Pb/206Pb 同位素比值（±1σ） 年龄/Ma（±1σ） Th U Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 晚三叠世结晶锆石 02 171 300 12.0 0.05058 0.00314 0.24521 0.01517 0.03516 0.00067 222 107 223 12 223 4 05 159 202 8.53 0.05063 0.00407 0.24920 0.01983 0.03570 0.00076 224 141 226 16 226 5 06 143 212 8.97 0.05064 0.00414 0.25176 0.02042 0.03606 0.00076 224 145 228 17 228 5 09 203 320 13.2 0.05056 0.00293 0.25087 0.01441 0.03599 0.00071 221 96 227 12 228 4 10 132 154 6.43 0.05030 0.00539 0.23480 0.02491 0.03386 0.00080 209 195 214 20 215 5 11 98.0 671 23.9 0.05063 0.00214 0.24713 0.01042 0.03540 0.00064 224 64 224 8 224 4 12 195 326 13.1 0.05040 0.00330 0.24389 0.01581 0.03510 0.00070 213 111 222 13 222 4 13 85.3 688 23.7 0.05051 0.00232 0.24153 0.01112 0.03468 0.00061 219 74 220 9 220 4 20 153 237 9.75 0.05061 0.00343 0.25083 0.01692 0.03594 0.00067 223 120 227 14 228 4 21 179 304 11.8 0.05331 0.00260 0.25590 0.01244 0.03481 0.00063 342 77 231 10 221 4 23 342 406 17.6 0.05075 0.00202 0.25227 0.01001 0.03605 0.00063 229 59 228 8 228 4 晚泥盆世继承锆石 01 118 132 9.33 0.05351 0.00458 0.42418 0.03583 0.05750 0.00132 350 150 359 26 360 8 03 126 123 9.27 0.05406 0.00410 0.44639 0.03357 0.05989 0.00124 374 133 375 24 375 8 04 232 193 15.0 0.05391 0.00356 0.43661 0.02867 0.05874 0.00114 367 113 368 20 368 7 07 359 226 19.4 0.05402 0.00328 0.44510 0.02671 0.05976 0.00122 372 98 374 19 374 7 08 190 174 13.2 0.05387 0.00458 0.42974 0.03634 0.05786 0.00118 366 155 363 26 363 7 14 119 148 10.4 0.05402 0.00331 0.43548 0.02642 0.05846 0.00116 372 101 367 19 366 7 15 435 261 21.6 0.05393 0.00257 0.42919 0.02040 0.05772 0.00105 368 74 363 14 362 6 16 170 155 11.5 0.05379 0.00309 0.42446 0.02425 0.05723 0.00109 362 94 359 17 359 7 17 122 110 8.26 0.05387 0.00336 0.43547 0.02681 0.05863 0.00120 366 102 367 19 367 7 19 185 145 10.9 0.05385 0.00343 0.42072 0.02661 0.05666 0.00111 365 107 357 19 355 7 22 245 197 14.8 0.05355 0.00269 0.42109 0.02096 0.05703 0.00106 352 79 357 15 358 6 24 219 199 14.9 0.05391 0.00245 0.43442 0.01962 0.05844 0.00106 367 69 366 14 366 6 25 152 162 11.8 0.05379 0.00278 0.43958 0.02255 0.05926 0.00109 362 82 370 16 371 7 注：测试单位为中国地质大学（北京）地学实验中心 
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表 2 安山岩与闪长质捕虏体主量和微量元素分析结果
Table 2. Major and trace element compositions of andesites and dioritic xenoliths
元素 R3T4H11 R3T4H12 R3T4H13 R3T4H14 R3T4H18 R3T6H1 R3T6H2 R3T6H4 R3T6H5 R3T6H6 R3T6H7 R3T6H9 R3T6H10 R3T6H11 R3T6H12 R3T6H13 安山岩 安山岩 闪长质捕虏体 SiO2 53.0 57.6 52.5 49.3 54.9 57.3 55.5 61.2 56.2 55.7 55.5 46.6 49.6 47.3 53.0 51.0 TiO2 1.13 1.01 0.90 0.93 0.87 1.01 1.08 0.74 1.03 1.05 1.05 0.97 0.94 1.40 1.09 1.26 Al2O3 16.5 15.0 16.3 19.3 16.0 16.9 17.1 14.6 16.8 17.1 17.1 19.3 18.4 17.2 16.1 17.6 TFe2O3 8.87 7.95 8.35 8.20 8.04 7.23 7.97 6.66 7.84 7.85 8.11 9.25 8.83 10.59 8.93 10.41 MnO 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.12 0.18 0.16 0.18 MgO 5.49 4.71 6.88 4.05 5.05 3.04 3.14 3.55 3.14 3.14 3.11 6.23 5.81 4.08 3.74 5.59 CaO 6.65 5.95 9.37 8.57 8.53 5.81 5.79 6.89 6.08 5.86 5.88 9.70 8.85 5.40 4.43 2.12 Na2O 3.18 3.04 2.41 4.92 2.56 3.87 4.28 2.72 3.90 4.10 4.12 2.91 2.68 7.93 7.26 6.43 K2O 1.87 1.73 0.64 0.81 1.14 1.90 1.98 1.04 1.81 1.83 1.90 1.24 1.26 0.38 0.25 0.65 P2O5 0.25 0.22 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.26 0.21 0.16 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.47 0.42 0.44 烧失量 1.94 1.94 1.50 2.56 1.79 1.95 1.90 1.75 1.99 2.07 1.96 2.18 2.18 4.05 3.82 3.43 总计 99.1 99.3 99.1 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.1 99.4 99.1 99.1 99.1 98.8 98.9 99.0 99.2 99.1 Cr 96.2 91.1 154 98.7 109 20.8 22.0 59.6 17.1 18.7 19.2 118 111 69.8 71.7 75.3 Co 30.6 29.0 35.5 23.3 31.9 20.8 18.0 22.1 17.8 18.4 18.0 29.5 31.0 23.8 25.5 27.7 Ni 92.1 87.9 121.6 24.5 83.8 11.8 10.2 35.4 8.4 9.2 11.2 87.8 80.1 24.0 35.3 35.9 Cu 94.1 86.8 54.4 49.3 79.1 121.8 116.4 55.2 39.1 132.0 33.3 73.1 62.8 62.9 43.8 31.1 Zn 86.1 76.4 69.8 73.4 77.8 88.3 67.5 76.9 67.1 69.6 68.5 63.4 69.5 85.3 91.9 96.9 Ga 19.1 17.9 16.9 17.7 18.8 22.2 19.0 18.1 18.6 19.3 18.5 17.3 19.0 21.3 17.5 21.1 Rb 37.4 33.5 11.4 17.3 25.3 36.0 35.2 20.8 30.9 32.2 33.1 23.1 27.0 6.9 5.0 13.4 Sr 636 635 475 1054 645 786 835 701 743 811 774 616 648 259 282 356 Y 21.0 19.9 16.1 16.3 14.9 21.5 19.0 15.3 19.2 19.5 19.1 14.0 15.6 21.4 19.3 21.5 Zr 126 120 72.8 79.3 66.3 124 118 85.7 125 127 125 62.9 69.5 116 115 112 Nb 7.29 6.90 4.72 4.27 3.67 7.86 6.04 4.27 6.07 6.14 6.04 3.35 3.75 6.53 6.50 6.31 Cs 1.76 1.59 1.07 1.31 2.35 3.20 2.52 1.78 2.48 2.98 2.97 2.20 2.81 0.29 0.32 1.08 Ba 543 636 250 236 424 664 563 366 581 596 561 398 453 151 103 244 La 15.9 15.1 8.91 11.6 9.1 17.0 15.2 11.7 15.5 15.4 15.3 8.79 9.76 15.9 15.9 16.7 Ce 33.5 31.8 19.6 24.6 20.1 35.7 31.6 24.5 32.1 32.2 31.9 19.2 21.3 33.9 34.0 34.8 Pr 4.25 4.04 2.62 3.15 2.67 4.42 3.96 3.15 4.05 4.03 4.02 2.56 2.84 4.41 4.32 4.45 Nd 17.9 17.1 11.6 13.5 12.0 18.7 16.6 13.5 16.9 16.9 16.8 11.5 12.7 19.1 18.1 18.6 Sm 4.10 3.90 2.89 3.17 2.88 4.26 3.77 3.13 3.87 3.88 3.84 2.78 3.08 4.36 3.98 4.07 Eu 1.38 1.33 1.10 1.10 1.12 1.36 1.25 1.15 1.27 1.28 1.25 1.07 1.16 1.43 1.09 1.14 Gd 4.22 3.98 3.12 3.25 3.04 4.39 3.86 3.21 3.89 3.95 3.92 2.92 3.23 4.49 3.96 4.15 Tb 0.63 0.59 0.47 0.48 0.45 0.68 0.57 0.46 0.57 0.58 0.57 0.43 0.48 0.64 0.57 0.63 Dy 3.90 3.69 3.05 3.03 2.82 4.01 3.54 2.89 3.59 3.65 3.58 2.69 2.99 4.01 3.54 3.96 Ho 0.79 0.75 0.62 0.61 0.57 0.84 0.72 0.59 0.73 0.74 0.72 0.54 0.60 0.81 0.72 0.81 Er 2.30 2.18 1.80 1.80 1.64 2.37 2.08 1.69 2.12 2.14 2.13 1.55 1.73 2.31 2.12 2.34 Tm 0.32 0.31 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.34 0.29 0.23 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.21 0.24 0.32 0.29 0.33 Yb 2.12 2.03 1.62 1.65 1.46 2.23 1.94 1.52 1.98 1.97 1.94 1.42 1.54 2.08 2.01 2.11 Lu 0.31 0.30 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.34 0.28 0.22 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.20 0.23 0.31 0.30 0.31 Hf 3.14 2.99 1.85 2.06 1.73 3.01 3.12 2.17 3.15 3.21 3.16 1.65 1.80 2.84 2.79 2.71 Ta 0.54 0.65 0.38 0.28 0.25 0.63 0.39 0.26 0.38 0.43 0.38 0.20 0.23 0.38 0.38 0.57 Pb 4.67 4.61 2.39 4.80 2.99 6.56 5.52 3.56 5.60 5.60 5.52 2.88 2.84 6.67 7.81 9.03 Th 2.70 2.60 0.81 1.64 0.89 2.52 2.40 1.36 2.47 2.49 2.47 0.90 1.01 1.33 1.37 1.26 U 0.61 0.61 0.21 0.47 0.22 0.70 0.60 0.33 0.61 0.63 0.61 0.22 0.24 0.37 0.43 0.42 Mg# 59 58 66 53 59 49 48 55 48 48 47 61 61 47 49 56 注：测试单位为中国地质大学（北京）地学实验中心；主量元素含量单位为%，微量元素为10-6
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表 3 锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成
Table 3. Lu-Hf isotopes of zircons
点号 年龄/Ma 176Hf/177Hf 1σ 176Lu/177Hf 1σ 176Yb/177Hf 1σ εHf(0) 1σ εHf(t) 1σ TDM1 TDMC fLu/Hf 晚三叠世结晶锆石 3 224 0.282520 0.000010 0.001193 0.000013 0.030494 0.000317 8.92 0.63 4.18 0.65 1041 1358 0.96 6 224 0.282491 0.000011 0.000413 0.000008 0.010748 0.000166 -9.93 0.65 -5.07 0.67 1059 1407 -0.99 7 224 0.282519 0.000010 0.000625 0.000006 0.015140 0.000123 -8.96 0.61 -4.14 0.63 1027 1356 -0.98 8 224 0.282466 0.000010 0.000339 0.000009 0.008516 0.000179 -10.8 0.62 -5.94 0.64 1092 1456 -0.99 9 224 0.282487 0.000011 0.000598 0.000010 0.015723 0.000218 -10.1 0.64 -5.26 0.66 1071 1418 -0.98 12 224 0.282515 0.000009 0.000357 0.000006 0.009421 0.000188 -9.08 0.61 -4.21 0.62 1025 1360 -0.99 13 224 0.282515 0.000011 0.000452 0.000007 0.011811 0.000166 -9.09 0.64 -4.23 0.66 1027 1361 -0.99 16 224 0.282511 0.000011 0.000401 0.000001 0.010006 0.000043 -9.23 0.65 -4.37 0.66 1032 1368 -0.99 晚泥盆世继承锆石 1 365 0.282800 0.000013 0.003308 0.000058 0.087865 0.001951 1.00 0.69 8.23 0.72 682 780 -0.90 2 365 0.282797 0.000010 0.001363 0.000008 0.034879 0.000216 0.88 0.63 8.59 0.65 651 761 -0.96 4 365 0.282808 0.000012 0.002762 0.000017 0.073217 0.000460 1.28 0.67 8.64 0.69 660 757 -0.92 5 365 0.282805 0.000013 0.002723 0.000112 0.072180 0.002972 1.16 0.69 8.53 0.73 664 763 -0.92 10 365 0.282781 0.000010 0.002795 0.000032 0.074081 0.001359 0.33 0.63 7.69 0.66 700 811 -0.92 11 365 0.282801 0.000014 0.002343 0.000016 0.063670 0.000697 1.01 0.71 8.48 0.73 664 767 -0.93 14 365 0.282760 0.000011 0.001583 0.000030 0.041726 0.000676 -0.43 0.65 7.22 0.68 709 837 -0.95 15 365 0.282804 0.000016 0.001943 0.000009 0.052127 0.000289 1.12 0.76 8.69 0.78 652 755 -0.94
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