The petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the latest Late Cretaceous arc igneous rocks in Sumdo area, Tibet
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摘要:
新特提斯洋在晚白垩世末期(68Ma左右)的构造演化一直饱受争议。西藏松多地区晚白垩世末期弧岩浆岩包括花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩。锆石定年结果显示，二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩年龄均为68Ma。松多花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩的SiO2含量为68.5%~80.6%，K2O含量为4.1%~6.5%，P2O5含量为0.011%~0.058%。花岗斑岩Mg#值较低，为11.3~19.0，二长花岗岩Mg#值为24.2~43.5。花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩样品均显示轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损和明显的Eu(δEu=0.15~1.21)负异常。两者均富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti。花岗斑岩εHf(t)值为-0.9~+2.9，二阶段模式年龄TDMC在955~1196Ma之间; 二长花岗岩εHf(t)值为-17.1~+7.9(只有1个点为负值)，二阶段模式年龄在633~2219Ma之间。最终认为，松多地区晚白垩世末期二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩岩浆源区为新生下地壳，但花岗斑岩更靠近古老下地壳。结合区域资料，认为新特提斯洋在晚白垩世末期68Ma左右属于洋脊俯冲结束阶段。
Abstract:The tectonic evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean in the last phase of Late Cretaceous around 68Ma has been controversial. This paper firstly reports the last phase of Late Cretaceous arc igneous rocks in the Sumdo area of Tibet. They consist of granite porphyry and monzogranite. Zircon dating results show that the age of granite porphyry and monzogranite is 68Ma. The granite porphyry and monzogranite have the data SiO2(68.5%~80.6%), K2O (4.1%~6.5%), and P2O5 (0.011%~0.058%). The granite porphyry contains low Mg# values (11.3~19.0), and the monzogranite has high Mg# values (24.2~43.5). The granite porphyry and monzogranite show light REE enrichment, heavy REE depletion, and obvious negative Eu anomalies. They both are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Th, U, K and Pb, and depleted in high-field-strength elements such as Nb, Ta and Ti. The granite porphyry has εHf(t) values ranging between -0.9 and +2.9, corresponding to TDMC model ages 955~1196Ma. The εHf(t) values of the monzogranite are -17.1~+7.9, with only one point being negative, corresponding to TDMC model ages 633~2219Ma. The authors have thus drawn the conclusion that the magma source of the granite porphyry and monzogranite in the Songdo area was new lower crust, but the granite porphyry was closer to the ancient lower crust. Combined with regional data, the authors hold that the Neo-Tethys Ocean belongs to the end stage of ocean ridge subduction in the last phase of Late Cretaceous around 68Ma.
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图 9 松多地区花岗斑岩与二长花岗岩SiO2- MgO(a)、SiO2-V(b)、SiO2-TFe2O3(c)、SiO2-Co(d)、Sr-Ba(e)、Sr-Rb/Sr(f)和SiO2- Al2O3(g)图解[68]
Figure 9.
表 1 松多地区花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩主量、微量和稀土元素测试结果
Table 1. Major, trace and rare earth element data for granite porphyry and monzogranite from Sumdo area
样品号 S16T44H1 S16T44H2 S16T44H3 S16T44H4 S16T44H5 S16T44H6 S16T88H1 S16T88H2 S16T88H3 S16T88H4 S16T88H5 岩性 花岗斑岩 二长花岗岩 SiO2 76.12 78.10 80.57 72.94 68.45 76.24 76.38 74.68 75.57 77.79 77.23 TiO2 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.18 0.25 0.15 0.11 0.06 Al2O3 13.81 12.68 9.67 15.71 18.32 13.20 13.06 13.80 13.68 12.98 12.86 TFe2O3 1.50 1.26 1.12 1.58 1.59 1.19 0.88 1.37 0.92 0.48 0.38 MnO 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.09 MgO 0.13 0.08 0.06 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.29 0.41 0.24 0.10 0.05 CaO 0.32 0.05 0.36 0.49 0.89 0.56 0.99 1.09 0.89 0.87 0.37 Na2O 2.23 2.79 2.99 2.58 3.96 3.36 3.30 3.39 3.66 3.52 3.44 K2O 5.75 4.94 5.12 6.40 6.53 5.25 4.83 4.88 4.79 4.11 5.50 P2O5 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.01 Mg# 17.25 12.17 11.34 19.05 14.85 14.83 43.45 41.36 37.76 33.01 24.23 烧失量 1.52 1.06 1.13 1.70 1.70 1.24 0.46 0.63 0.51 5.85 0.20 Li 20.48 17.94 11.32 15.57 11.40 10.12 18.26 17.93 16.82 25.18 18.24 Sc 7.56 7.24 5.73 4.85 3.64 4.24 4.14 3.74 2.69 2.61 5.43 V 4.68 3.33 3.14 2.37 2.08 2.35 11.98 10.94 6.16 5.03 2.09 Cr 1.69 1.87 2.98 1.56 0.92 1.28 2.41 1.19 2.49 1.22 3.50 Co 0.40 0.42 0.59 0.37 0.38 0.38 1.43 1.41 0.73 0.48 0.33 Ni 1.25 1.16 1.64 1.30 0.71 0.56 2.25 0.87 0.72 0.78 2.60 Ga 18.91 18.57 18.52 17.13 15.65 16.45 14.58 9.10 8.09 9.99 13.44 Rb 245.8 214.2 254.0 242.2 212.6 215.4 192.1 119.6 104.2 87.5 231.4 Sr 16.25 26.38 29.28 18.47 25.45 30.09 128.06 87.50 69.46 54.90 19.36 Y 39.96 39.12 35.08 33.16 24.90 29.46 20.70 9.25 12.62 10.38 29.90 Zr 83.03 99.04 93.10 73.39 86.34 72.54 89.60 62.76 48.76 58.59 56.30 Nb 20.25 20.23 22.19 17.85 17.74 17.27 16.56 7.62 7.02 7.50 11.69 Cs 6.45 3.95 5.35 6.92 4.23 4.94 17.00 6.38 5.38 6.29 8.79 Ba 170.9 159.8 163.3 207.8 175.9 197.0 458.8 240.4 205.8 178.6 27.0 La 22.72 22.02 22.44 21.16 17.93 19.30 19.91 15.78 9.00 9.81 11.29 Ce 49.90 48.54 54.12 45.50 41.10 43.38 42.68 31.26 18.68 17.32 19.97 Pr 6.03 5.90 5.95 5.58 4.68 5.13 4.66 3.43 2.13 1.93 2.13 Nd 22.74 22.20 22.46 21.36 17.74 19.45 15.55 11.71 7.49 6.53 6.75 Sm 6.37 6.18 6.18 5.84 4.78 5.30 3.28 2.18 1.72 1.37 1.40 Eu 0.35 0.34 0.31 0.31 0.24 0.26 0.54 0.37 0.29 0.55 0.16 Gd 6.69 6.49 6.33 6.33 5.00 5.64 2.94 1.79 1.70 1.42 1.62 Tb 1.12 1.09 1.03 1.01 0.78 0.89 0.48 0.27 0.30 0.24 0.40 Dy 6.94 6.84 6.38 6.58 5.04 5.81 2.97 1.60 1.97 1.61 3.75 Ho 1.40 1.39 1.27 1.35 1.01 1.18 0.62 0.32 0.43 0.35 1.10 Er 4.06 4.05 3.67 3.66 2.74 3.22 1.88 0.98 1.36 1.15 4.23 Tm 0.57 0.57 0.51 0.54 0.40 0.47 0.30 0.15 0.21 0.18 0.74 Yb 3.64 3.68 3.25 3.47 2.52 3.05 2.13 1.06 1.42 1.25 5.63 Lu 0.52 0.52 0.45 0.52 0.38 0.46 0.32 0.16 0.22 0.19 0.87 Hf 2.34 2.59 2.62 2.18 2.34 2.11 2.21 1.57 1.22 1.59 1.67 Ta 1.14 1.17 1.28 1.15 1.13 1.10 1.03 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.69 Pb 44.16 40.54 38.86 74.04 65.95 56.21 23.68 11.32 11.18 18.13 20.90 Th 22.60 22.82 23.64 29.19 25.21 27.87 16.96 9.89 8.19 10.58 13.41 U 6.27 6.47 7.02 10.70 10.69 10.22 2.98 1.41 1.66 2.73 3.62 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素为10-6 
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表 2 松多地区花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测试结果
Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb isotopic data for granite porphyry and monzogranite from Sumdo area
点号 元素含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值（±1σ） 年龄/Ma（±1σ） Th U Pb 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U ST44-01 978 2364 26.76 0.41 0.05049 0.07497 0.01077 218 73 69.1 ST44-02 298 306 3.97 0.98 0.05038 0.07492 0.01078 213 73 69.1 ST44-03 767 2146 23.99 0.36 0.05043 0.07494 0.01077 215 73 69.1 ST44-04 743 2161 24.37 0.34 0.04868 0.0715 0.01065 132 70 68.3 ST44-05 728 2274 24.91 0.32 0.04883 0.07151 0.01062 140 70 68.1 ST44-06 472 1149 13.29 0.41 0.05067 0.07531 0.01078 226 74 69.1 ST44-07 710 1530 20.22 0.46 0.04945 0.06893 0.01011 169 68 64.8 ST44-08 82 165 26.80 0.49 0.07691 1.50328 0.14174 1119 932 854 ST44-09 2675 4117 60.57 0.65 0.04697 0.06289 0.00971 48 62 62.3 ST44-10 577 1604 18.26 0.36 0.04909 0.0732 0.01081 152 72 69.3 ST44-12 818 1241 15.31 0.66 0.04698 0.06891 0.01064 48 68 68.2 ST44-13 318 444 5.54 0.71 0.04718 0.0697 0.01071 58 68 68.7 ST44-15 976 1856 23.37 0.53 0.05175 0.07449 0.01044 274 73 66.9 ST44-17 291 849 9.61 0.34 0.05123 0.07459 0.01056 251 73 67.7 ST44-18 798 1719 20.01 0.46 0.05023 0.07693 0.0111 206 75 71.2 ST44-19 870 1478 17.87 0.59 0.04863 0.0729 0.01087 130 71 69.7 ST44-20 449 1082 12.60 0.41 0.0473 0.07183 0.01101 65 70 70.6 ST88-01 2310 1821 25.74 1.27 0.04501 0.06733 0.01085 -19 66 69.6 ST88-02 343 615 7.51 0.56 0.04752 0.07121 0.01087 75 70 70 ST88-03 670 673 9.08 1.00 0.04744 0.07062 0.01079 71 69 69.2 ST88-04 224 414 5.04 0.54 0.04741 0.07103 0.01086 70 70 70 ST88-05 312 431 5.44 0.72 0.04728 0.07048 0.01081 63 69 69 ST88-06 687 829 10.73 0.83 0.04733 0.06995 0.01072 66 69 69 ST88-07 249 422 5.17 0.59 0.05174 0.07585 0.01063 274 74 68 ST88-08 358 676 8.14 0.53 0.04753 0.07117 0.01086 76 70 69.6 ST88-09 349 405 5.40 0.86 0.04734 0.07074 0.01083 66 69 69 ST88-10 674 1009 11.32 0.67 0.04762 0.06219 0.00947 80 61 60.8 ST88-11 238 284 3.78 0.84 0.04714 0.07076 0.01088 56 69 70 ST88-12 335 448 5.75 0.75 0.04756 0.07147 0.0109 77 70 70 ST88-13 306 562 6.87 0.55 0.04746 0.07098 0.01084 72 70 69.5 ST88-14 261 393 4.92 0.66 0.04746 0.0706 0.01079 72 69 69 ST88-16 161 243 2.95 0.66 0.04789 0.06939 0.01051 94 68 67 ST88-17 181 530 5.94 0.34 0.04721 0.06886 0.01058 60 68 68 ST88-18 265 483 5.62 0.55 0.04727 0.06726 0.01032 63 66 66 ST88-19 636 729 9.12 0.87 0.04891 0.07273 0.01078 144 71 69.1 ST88-20 591 732 9.43 0.81 0.04648 0.06824 0.01064 23 67 68.2
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表 3 松多地区花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩锆石Hf同位素测试结果
Table 3. Zircon Hf isotopic data for granite porphyry and monzogranite from Sumdo area
No. 年龄/Ma 176Yb/177Hf 2σ 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hfi εHf(0) εHf(t) εHf(t)' 2σ TDM/Ma TDMC/Ma fLu/Hf 花岗斑岩(S16T44) S16T44-1 68 0.069947 0.000398 0.002207 0.000016 0.282743 0.000014 0.282740 -1.0 0.4 0.9 0.5 746 1113 -0.93 S16T44-2 68 0.155669 0.006944 0.003912 0.000145 0.282708 0.000017 0.282703 -2.2 -0.9 -0.3 0.6 836 1196 -0.88 S16T44-3 68 0.064932 0.001864 0.001924 0.000047 0.282813 0.000015 0.282810 1.4 2.9 3.4 0.5 639 955 -0.94 S16T44-4 68 0.056115 0.000799 0.001757 0.000020 0.282777 0.000015 0.282775 0.2 1.6 2.1 0.5 688 1036 -0.95 S16T44-5 68 0.054526 0.000254 0.001709 0.000011 0.282780 0.000014 0.282778 0.3 1.7 2.2 0.5 683 1029 -0.95 二长花岗岩(S16T88) S16T88-1 68 0.038688 0.000547 0.001284 0.000019 0.282248 0.000024 0.282247 -18.5 -17.1 -16.3 0.8 1428 2219 -0.96 S16T88-1 68 0.038688 0.000547 0.001284 0.000019 0.282248 0.000024 0.282247 -18.5 -17.1 -16.3 0.8 1428 2219 -0.96 S16T88-3 68 0.043073 0.000823 0.001484 0.000023 0.282946 0.000023 0.282944 6.1 7.6 8.4 0.8 440 653 -0.96 S16T88-4 68 0.034688 0.000824 0.001210 0.000029 0.282897 0.000022 0.282896 4.4 5.9 6.6 0.8 506 763 -0.96 S16T88-5 68 0.067824 0.001599 0.002260 0.000052 0.282932 0.000022 0.282930 5.7 7.1 7.8 0.8 469 686 -0.93
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