LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages, geochemical characteristics and geo-logical significance of the Neogene Quanshuigou Formation volcanic rocks in the north of Dahongliutan-Qitaidaban area, Xinjiang
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摘要:
出露于大红柳滩地区奇台达坂北侧的泉水沟组火山岩主要岩性为辉石安山岩、辉石安粗岩和黑云母粗面岩。用LAICP-MS技术测得黑云母安粗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为3.71±0.05Ma，形成时代为上新世。地球化学结果显示，岩石具高Al2O3（13.56%~14.32%）、高K2O（4.46%~5.79%）、高Na2O（3.68%~4.40%），低TiO2（1.09%~1.48%）、低MgO（2.64%~5.18%）的特征，属于钾玄岩序列。稀土元素总量为550×10-6~612×10-6，轻稀土元素总量较高且明显富集，重稀土元素相对亏损，具有右倾型特征和弱Eu异常（δEu=0.55~0.63）。微量元素中大离子亲石元素（K、Rb、Ba、Th、U、Pb）强烈富集，高场强元素（Ti、Nb、Ta、P）亏损，具有造山成因钾玄岩的典型特征。研究表明，泉水沟组火山岩来源于有上地壳卷入的部分熔融富集地幔区。结合区域特征，认为泉水沟组火山岩的形成与上新世喀喇昆仑-甜水海造山带沿大红柳滩-泉水沟断裂和甜水海-郭扎错断裂向NNW方向逆冲推覆有关。
Abstract:The Quanshuigou Formation volcanic rocks are located in northern Dahongliutan-Qitadaban area, western Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang. The volcanic rocks are mainly composed of pyroxene andesite, pyroxene latite, and biotite trachyte. LA-ICPMS zircon dating indicates that the volcanic rocks were emplaced at 3.71 ±0.05Ma, suggesting that the crystallization age of the Quanshuigou Formation volcanic rocks is Neogene Pliocene. Geochemical analysis shows that major elements are characterized by high Al2O3 (13.56%~14.32%) and K2O (4.46%~5.79%), but low Na2O (3.68%~4.40%), TiO2 (1.09%~1.48%) and MgO (2.64%~5.18%), thus belonging to shoshonite series. In addition, they are enriched in total REE (550×10-6~612×10-6), and the samples are enriched in LREE (light rare earth elements) and depleted in HREE (heavy rare earth elements) with weak Eu anomalies (δEu=0.55~0.63). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns show rightly-inclined type, and the olcanic rocks have rich LILE(such as K, Rb, Ba, Th, U and Pb)but poor high field strength elements (such as Ti, Nb, Ta, and P). They have typical characteristics of orogenic potassic volcanic rocks.Studies show that the rocks were formed by the partial melting enriched mantle sources mixed with a small amount of materials of the upper crust. Combined with the data of regional geology, the authors hold that the formation of the orogenic belt was related to NNW-striking thrust nappe of Karakoram-Tianshuihai along Dahongliutan-Quanshuigou fault and TianshuihaiGuozhacuo fault in the Pliocene. At that time, the volcanic rocks were formed.
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图 图版Ⅰ a.灰黑色杏仁状黑云母粗安岩手标本；b.暗红色致密块状辉石安山岩；c.浅褐色粗面岩宏观特征(含早期的火山岩捕掳体)；d.黑云母粗面岩，正交偏光4×10（+）；e.辉石安山岩，正交偏光4×10（+）；f.安粗岩，正交偏光4×10（+）。Kp—钾长石；Pl—斜长石；Prx—辉石；Lmx—浊沸石；Bit —黑云母；ST—气孔
Figure 图版Ⅰ.
表 2 泉水沟组火山岩样品（PM007-13）锆石稀土元素含量
Table 2. Rare earth elements data of zircon from Quanshuigou Formation volcanic rocks(PM007-13)
10-6 原位稀土元素编号 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ∑REE ∑LREE/∑HREE δEu δCe 1 < 0.034 61.42 0.15 1.69 2.06 0.895 7.3 2.06 21.58 8.1 39.2 9.72 114.01 24.2 268.19 0.09 0.6 113.5 2 0.23 121.72 0.39 4.47 5.32 1.96 17.51 4.97 50.35 17.88 83.56 19.89 223.22 45.95 551.47 0.08 0.6 76.5 3 0.912 44.85 0.212 1.55 1.52 0.676 4.95 1.323 13.86 4.99 23.44 5.79 67.32 14.82 171.39 0.09 0.7 23.7 4 0.164 52.61 0.108 1.35 1.89 0.709 6.26 1.713 18.67 7.11 35.64 8.69 103.01 22.58 237.92 0.09 0.6 92.1 5 < 0.029 59.39 0.125 1.5 1.9 0.667 5.77 1.653 16.9 6.08 29.35 7.24 85.03 18.51 215.61 0.09 0.6 131.5 6 0.734 52.71 0.391 4.31 4.25 1.94 14.12 3.68 37.62 13.19 62.18 14.85 171.8 37.36 381.78 0.1 0.7 23.4 7 3.53 61.52 0.433 2.62 2.41 1.033 7.55 2.12 22.93 8.54 40.45 10.04 116.71 25.62 279.89 0.09 0.7 10.2 8 0.636 65.22 0.228 2.68 2.84 1.14 8.85 2.45 24.25 8.42 38.26 8.98 103.18 22.12 267.13 0.08 0.6 41.2 9 0.086 41.96 0.139 1.75 2.03 0.916 7.31 1.989 20.88 7.69 36.69 9.2 107.73 23.65 238.37 0.1 0.7 73.3 10 2.64 52.89 0.309 2.11 1.93 0.758 6.27 1.679 18.2 6.72 32.27 8.1 96.57 21.25 230.45 0.09 0.6 11.9 11 0.448 64.31 0.143 1.6 1.78 0.879 6.83 1.852 19.02 7.06 33.79 8.27 102.63 22.99 248.61 0.09 0.7 60.8 12 1.59 60.76 0.26 2.29 2.69 1.091 8.06 2.31 24.51 9.01 43.34 10.46 122.27 26.52 288.64 0.09 0.7 20.7 13 0.051 62.31 0.116 1.62 1.91 0.839 6.7 1.977 21.49 8.27 40.88 10.05 121.28 26.47 277.49 0.1 0.6 138.3 14 0.309 39.52 0.206 2.58 2.37 1.079 8.16 2.29 23.9 8.99 43.23 10.61 124.43 27.59 267.67 0.1 0.7 36.4 15 0.738 39.26 0.291 3.78 4.03 1.67 11.79 3.13 31.95 11.39 52.82 12.61 143.56 30.63 317.02 0.1 0.7 20.4 16 0.031 58.38 0.105 1.58 1.8 0.891 6.34 1.98 20.64 7.79 38.02 9.36 110.64 24.28 257.56 0.09 0.7 150.4 17 0.053 39.49 0.107 1.3 1.74 0.804 5.93 1.609 16.63 5.92 27.4 6.78 77.7 17.2 185.46 0.09 0.7 93.3 18 0.101 45.99 0.107 1.23 1.53 0.623 4.73 1.353 14 5.3 25.13 6.37 73.11 16.33 179.57 0.09 0.7 94.6 19 1.5 52.21 0.38 3.12 3.03 1.176 9.53 2.63 27.3 10.14 48.4 11.55 136.63 29.92 307.6 0.1 0.6 16.3 20 0.707 40.91 0.213 2.06 1.94 0.926 7.24 1.96 21.19 7.78 37.69 9.37 110.74 24.07 242.73 0.1 0.7 25.2 21 3.67 45.28 0.298 1.94 1.69 0.657 5.3 1.499 15.22 5.2 23.87 5.54 65.36 13.71 175.52 0.08 0.6 7.9 22 15.84 78.53 1.432 6.57 4.14 1.50 13.18 3.42 32.29 10.53 44.33 9.8 105.79 21.52 327.35 0.07 0.6 3.1 23 0.443 57.28 0.34 3.92 4.28 1.77 14.44 4.09 41.95 15.56 75.54 18.5 218.07 47.1 456.18 0.1 0.6 33.6 24 1.02 91.32 0.632 6.27 6.07 2.51 18.92 5.08 52.6 19.32 94.54 22.76 271.34 60.19 592.38 0.1 0.7 26.7 25 0.042 41.73 0.1 1.3 1.51 0.724 5.05 1.445 15.21 5.43 26 6.21 75.73 16.37 180.48 0.09 0.7 108.1 26 0.081 49.97 0.374 4.7 4.81 2.00 15.22 4.07 40.96 14.18 64.99 14.99 174.83 37.69 391.18 0.1 0.7 37.2 27 0.933 38 0.218 1.93 1.64 0.763 5.66 1.533 16.02 6.00 28.34 6.97 83.49 18.49 191.5 0.1 0.7 19.6 28 0.056 57.87 0.13 1.47 1.87 0.777 6.5 1.74 17.76 6.63 31.83 7.7 91.5 20.57 225.83 0.09 0.6 114.9 29 1.38 47.47 0.208 1.56 1.6 0.656 5.45 1.567 15.65 5.76 28.03 7.02 83.66 18.55 200.01 0.09 0.6 19.1 
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表 1 泉水沟组火山岩样品（PM007-13）LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb isotopic analyses of Quanshuigou Formation volcanic rocks(PM007-13)
测点编号 元素含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 表面年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ PM007-13-1 0.283 974 814 1.20 0.0473 0.0075 0.00375 0.00059 0.000570 0.000010 344 315 4.3 0.6 3.70 0.09 PM007-13-2 0.848 1913 2134 0.90 0.0674 0.0062 0.00531 0.00048 0.000570 0.000010 685 182 5.0 0.4 3.70 0.08 PM007-13-3 3.43 933 715 1.31 0.107 0.026 0.00492 0.00043 0.000570 0.000010 1741 384 8.5 2.0 3.70 0.25 PM007-13-4 0.44 1099 805 1.37 0.101 0.010 0.0085 0.0019 0.000580 0.000040 1647 180 8.3 0.8 3.80 0.11 PM007-13-5 0.409 1337 1156 1.16 0.0398 0.0063 0.00817 0.00080 0.000590 0.000020 0 0 3.2 0.5 3.70 0.09 PM007-13-6 0.838 1179 939 1.26 0.103 0.018 0.00319 0.00049 0.000580 0.000010 1680 294 8.5 1.4 3.80 0.20 PM007-13-7 0.469 1200 961 1.25 0.097 0.019 0.0084 0.0014 0.000590 0.000030 1565 325 8.0 1.5 3.80 0.20 PM007-13-8 0.723 1328 1205 1.10 0.046 0.011 0.00787 0.0015 0.000590 0.000030 7 493 3.9 0.9 3.90 0.17 PM007-13-9 0.304 976 785 1.24 0.0560 0.0083 0.00383 0.00090 0.000600 0.000030 453 300 4.1 0.6 3.40 0.09 PM007-13-10 2.674 1028 757 1.36 0.477 0.017 0.00406 0.00059 0.000530 0.000010 4172 52 77.9 2.0 7.80 0.15 PM007-13-11 0.597 1565 1255 1.25 0.0946 0.0079 0.07980 0.0021 0.001200 0.000020 1520 150 7.9 0.6 3.90 0.09 PM007-13-12 1.212 1272 1215 1.05 0.081 0.012 0.00782 0.00061 0.000600 0.000010 1229 269 6.6 1.0 3.80 0.14 PM007-13-13 0.325 1281 880 1.46 0.055 0.011 0.00653 0.00094 0.000580 0.000020 422 397 4.4 0.9 3.60 0.16 PM007-13-14 0.28 864 650 1.33 0.070 0.010 0.00431 0.00085 0.000570 0.000020 940 277 5.8 0.8 3.80 0.12 PM007-13-15 0.494 800 781 1.03 0.083 0.018 0.00576 0.00083 0.000590 0.000020 1268 381 6.5 1.4 3.60 0.18 PM007-13-16 0.271 1216 738 1.65 0.0464 0.0075 0.0065 0.0014 0.000570 0.000030 17 348 3.6 0.6 3.60 0.10 PM007-13-17 0.337 864 684 1.26 0.0559 0.017 0.00359 0.00057 0.000560 0.000020 448 553 4.6 1.4 3.80 0.21 PM007-13-18 0.427 999 709 1.41 0.051 0.010 0.0046 0.0013 0.000590 0.000030 256 408 4.3 0.9 3.80 0.13 PM007-13-19 0.342 1119 918 1.22 0.0470 0.0075 0.00422 0.00084 0.000600 0.000020 47 342 3.8 0.6 3.70 0.10 PM007-13-20 0.605 855 638 1.34 0.113 0.018 0.00371 0.00058 0.000570 0.000020 1849 263 9.0 1.4 3.70 0.16 PM007-13-21 2.288 921 675 1.36 0.5039 0.0235 0.0090 0.0014 0.000570 0.000030 4253 67 99.4 3.4 9.50 0.25 PM007-13-22 3.74 1040 818 1.27 0.526 0.018 0.1029 0.0037 0.001500 0.000040 4316 48 110.0 2.5 10.20 0.19 PM007-13-23 0.673 1447 1077 1.34 0.105 0.013 0.1144 0.0027 0.001600 0.000030 1707 206 8.6 1.0 3.80 0.13 PM007-13-24 7.47 2104 1611 1.31 0.531 0.027 0.00852 0.00097 0.000590 0.000020 4329 71 107.8 3.9 9.90 0.28 PM007-13-25 0.379 993 704 1.41 0.0634 0.0090 0.1121 0.0043 0.00150 0.000040 723 274 5.2 0.7 3.80 0.11 PM007-13-26 0.478 1234 1163 1.06 0.0509 0.0090 0.00511 0.00070 0.000580 0.000020 237 364 4.2 0.7 3.80 0.12 PM007-13-27 0.739 781 594 1.31 0.077 0.024 0.00418 0.00073 0.000600 0.000020 1113 517 6.2 1.8 3.70 0.28 PM007-13-28 0.344 1366 1020 1.34 0.0510 0.0071 0.0061 0.0018 0.000580 0.000040 239 292 4.0 0.5 3.60 0.10 PM007-13-29 1.484 964 664 1.45 0.524 0.024 0.00395 0.00053 0.000560 0.000020 4309 65 106.8 3.5 9.90 0.25
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表 3 泉水沟组火山岩岩石化学成分
Table 3. Chemical compostion of Quanshuigou Formation volcanic rocks
样品号 PM007-1 PM007-4 PM007-5 PM007-6 PM007-7 PM007-8 PM007-9 PM007-10 PM007-11 PM007-12 PM007-13 PM007-14 PM007-15 岩性 辉石安 辉石安 辉石安 辉石安 辉石安 辉石安 辉石安 黑云母 黑云母 黑云母 黑云母 黑云母 黑云母 山岩 山岩 山岩 山岩 粗岩 粗岩 粗岩 粗面岩 粗面岩 粗面岩 粗面岩 粗面岩 粗面岩 SiO2 53.72 53.75 55.73 54.55 57.27 58.12 58.40 60.50 61.71 61.16 61.07 61.41 60.6 TiO2 1.36 1.43 1.39 1.43 1.16 1.17 1.14 1.12 1.08 1.12 1.10 1.13 1.13 Al2O3 13.26 13.55 13.71 13.54 13.31 13.41 13.88 14.15 13.72 14.03 14.16 13.88 13.85 Fe2O3 5.02 6.09 4.82 5.10 3.94 3.96 3.78 3.48 4.06 3.55 3.36 3.45 4.49 FeO 1.95 1.05 2.30 2.40 1.61 1.44 1.55 1.46 0.76 1.16 1.57 1.53 0.48 MgO 4.72 4.90 4.49 4.66 3.38 3.35 3.28 2.97 2.65 2.80 2.76 2.82 2.61 MnO 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 CaO 6.61 7.03 6.10 6.84 5.47 5.34 5.36 4.55 4.34 4.44 4.63 4.65 5.08 Na2O 3.81 3.81 4.03 3.77 4.25 4.04 4.05 4.22 4.25 4.31 4.21 4.02 4.14 K2O 4.53 4.32 4.84 4.47 5.19 5.30 5.34 5.54 5.69 5.74 5.41 5.41 5.67 P2O5 0.89 0.92 0.90 0.95 0.77 0.72 0.76 0.76 0.71 0.77 0.74 0.77 0.73 烧失量 3.05 2.08 1.13 1.48 2.54 1.89 1.37 0.83 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.49 0.71 总量 99.01 99.02 99.53 99.29 98.97 98.82 98.99 99.65 99.46 99.59 99.55 99.63 99.56 Mg# 55.38 55.38 53.71 53.33 52.75 53.14 53.04 52.47 49.89 52.06 50.74 50.97 48.58 K2O+Na2O 8.69 8.39 9.01 8.42 9.79 9.64 9.62 9.88 10.04 10.14 9.71 9.51 9.92 La 119 119 122 121 130 128 125 131 136 130 137 127 143 Ce 258 261 258 263 272 271 267 277 281 274 282 271 286 Pr 28.6 29.6 29.1 29.7 29.1 29.4 28.7 29.4 29.6 28.9 30.8 29.3 31.2 Nd 104 108 105 108 103 104 102 105 103 102 108 105 110 Sm 15.1 16.4 15.4 15.8 15.2 15.0 14.9 15.7 14.8 15.3 15.6 15.0 15.5 Eu 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 Gd 13.1 13.6 13.7 13.2 13.1 13.0 12.8 13.0 13.0 12.5 13.6 12.8 13.8 Tb 1.09 1.12 1.13 1.12 1.03 1.01 1.00 1.04 1.04 0.99 1.09 1.05 1.06 Dy 4.7 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.2 Ho 0.66 0.74 0.66 0.71 0.63 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.56 0.61 0.64 0.57 0.60 Er 2.04 2.33 2.21 2.11 2.01 1.95 2.06 1.86 1.80 1.83 1.92 1.92 1.75 Tm 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.16 Yb 1.32 1.55 1.39 1.30 1.38 1.28 1.23 1.32 1.05 1.20 1.28 1.26 1.07 Lu 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.12 Y 19.8 20.9 20.1 21.1 19.3 18.8 18.4 18.4 17.2 17.8 18.9 18.1 17.8 Cu 23.5 26.6 21.4 25.1 35.2 29.3 16.7 16.7 12.6 13.7 17.7 17.9 11.3 Pb 49.2 47.4 38.5 37.4 77.9 80.1 48.2 57.0 28.7 37.8 39.7 67.9 27.9 Zn 82.0 127 64.9 64.7 175 99.5 92.0 123 65.3 50.2 60.6 96.9 64.8 Co 23.4 23.5 21.4 21.8 13.3 23.2 14.0 13.6 12.4 12.2 14.2 12.5 11.3 Ni 85.2 85.0 77.9 77.6 61.7 86.0 65.0 67.0 57.2 59.8 71.4 61.2 54.0 Cr 86.4 86.1 91.2 99.5 77.3 101 74.7 71.0 65.8 58.1 67.7 71.7 53.1 V 78.7 74.9 91.8 86.6 64.6 102 61.0 62.0 60.7 55.6 59.7 68.4 47.1 Ga 20.9 20.7 19.1 17.8 20.6 20.1 18.9 19.4 20.1 19.8 21.2 20.6 18.9 Sr 1701 1686 1440 1514 1520 1732 1354 1398 1363 1360 1374 1383 1343 Ba 2141 2057 2259 2333 2083 2415 2287 2328 2274 2246 2239 2233 2236 Rb 127 124 146 134 185 122 205 216 211 220 209 211 211 Nb 22.5 27.2 26.8 20.4 22.7 22.2 21.3 19.3 24.1 20.9 23.1 16.5 25.0 Ta 1.64 1.64 1.84 1.63 2.03 1.31 1.08 0.98 1.60 1.38 1.55 0.86 1.33 Zr 461 460 435 431 507 486 487 514 494 487 507 521 447 U 9.3 9.3 10.2 9.3 11.4 9.5 11.8 14.1 11.0 12.5 12.5 12.2 10.4 Th 28.0 33.1 36.4 33.2 40.0 31.5 38.2 47.6 36.2 41.7 41.9 39.6 31.1 Ag 1.46 1.53 1.43 1.39 1.50 1.61 1.45 1.37 0.50 0.93 1.94 1.10 0.17 Au 0.50 0.42 1.13 0.43 1.20 0.35 0.43 0.70 0.45 0.83 0.88 0.91 0.76 ∑REE 550 561 556 564 575 573 563 584 589 574 600 572 612 LREE 527 537 531 541 552 550 540 561 567 553 576 550 589 HREE 23.3 25.0 24.4 23.8 22.8 22.8 22.4 22.5 21.9 21.7 23.5 22.2 22.8 δEu 0.61 0.57 0.61 0.63 0.57 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.59 0.56 δCe 1.03 1.03 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.03 1.00 1.03 0.99 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量为10-6
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① 陕西省地质调查院. 新疆1: 25万阿克萨依湖幅I44C001002区域地质调查项目报告. 2006.
② 陕西省地质调查院. 新疆1: 5万I44E002006等4幅区域地质调查报告. 2015.
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