Development characteristics and reactivation trend of Zhama ancient landslide in Batang, Sichuan
-
摘要:
扎马古滑坡是位于川西巴塘断裂带内的一个大型古滑坡，通过遥感解译、现场调查、钻探等手段，揭示扎马古滑坡体积约2840×104m3。研究表明，扎马古滑坡局部具有复活特征，在平面上可分为滑坡后壁（Ⅰ）和滑坡体（Ⅱ）2个分区；根据滑坡变形情况将该区划分为中部局部稳定区（Ⅱ1）和前缘强变形区（Ⅱ2、Ⅱ3），Ⅱ2和Ⅱ3以坡体前缘的冲沟为界。钻探揭露扎马滑坡体发育两级滑带，其中钻孔ZK1揭露滑带位置为31.8~33.4 m和77.7~81 m，钻孔ZK2揭露滑带位置为46.6~47.6 m和68.2~69.8 m。扎马古滑坡变形受强降雨、地震、人类工程活动等影响，目前以局部变形为主，坡体前缘陡坡部位在汛期发生次级滑动，中部因修建公路开挖诱发多处滑塌，坡体上的侵蚀沟在强降雨作用下发生小规模泥石流。FLAC3D数值模拟表明，在天然工况下扎马古滑坡体后缘发生的位移较大，形成推移式滑坡；在暴雨工况下，滑坡体后缘与坡脚部位均发生剪切变形，易产生贯通滑动面并沿此面发生牵引式滑坡。综合分析认为，该滑坡在强震、强降雨、人类工程活动等影响下，可能沿着滑面发生整体复活。
Abstract:The Zhama ancient landslide is a large-scale one located in the Batang fault in western Sichuan. The remote sensing interpretation, field investigation and drilling revealed that the Zhama ancient landslide has a volume of about 2840×104 m3. The Zhama ancient landslide has local resurrection features, which can be divided into two subregions, the rear collapse(Ⅰ) and slide body(Ⅱ). According to the landslide deformation, the slide body can be divided into the middle part of the local stable region(Ⅱ1) and the front of the strong deformation region(Ⅱ2, Ⅱ3). Ⅱ2 and Ⅱ3 are bounded by the gullies at the front edge of the slope. Drilling revealed that two-level slip zones were developed in the Zhama landslide body. The location of two-level slip zones revealed by ZK1 was at 31.8~33.4 m and 77.7~81 m, and that by ZK2 was at 46.6~47.6 m and 68.2~69.8 m. The deformation of the Zhama ancient landslide was affected by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, and human engineering activities. At present, it is mainly local deformation.Secondary sliding occurs in the steep slope part of the front edge of the slope during the flood period. In the middle part, the landslide was induced by road excavation. The erosion ditch on the mountain caused small-scale debris flow under the action of heavy rainfall. The FLAC3D numerical simulation of the Zhama ancient landslide indicates that under natural conditions, the displacement at the trailing edge of the landslide body is relatively large, causing the formation of moving landslide; under heavy rain conditions, shear deformation occurs on the trailing edge and the toe of the landslide body, and it is easy to produce a through sliding surface and a traction landslide along this surface. It is suggested from comprehensive analysis that under the influence of strong earthquakes, heavy rainfall, and human engineering activities, the landslide may resurrect as a whole along the sliding surface.
-
-
表 1 扎马滑坡滑带土基本物理性质
Table 1. Basic physical properties of soil in sliding zone of Zhama landslide
土粒比重Gs 湿密度ρ/(g·cm-3) 干密度ρd/(g·cm-3) 孔隙比e 液限WL/% 塑限WP/% 塑性指数IP 含水率/% 粘聚力/kPa 内摩擦角φ/° 2.70 1.80 1.79 0.512 23.7 15.7 8.0 天然 25.1 37.0 饱和 0.5 34.8 2.69 1.78 1.76 0.526 24.0 17.1 6.9 天然 29.6 33.3 饱和 0.4 31.8 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 巴塘县各月降雨量统计
Table 2. Monthly rainfall statistics in Batang County
月份 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 全年 平均降雨量/mm 1.31 12.46 65.12 160.92 327.54 837.38 1344.19 1162.58 842.23 237.15 73.50 4.00 503.69
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 扎马古滑坡岩土体模拟计算主要参数
Table 3. The main parameters of rock-soil simulation for Zhama ancient landslide
岩性 体积模量K/GPa 剪切模量G/GPa 密度ρ/(g·cm-3) 内摩擦角φ/° 粘聚力c/ kPa 天然 饱和 天然 饱和 碎石土堆积体 25 7.5 2.0 25 20 150 130 断裂带 70 26 1.9 38 35 350 300 浅层滑带 0.6 0.26 1.78 40 30 28 5 深层滑带 0.4 0.2 1.88 35 32 27 0.5 基岩 40 15 2.4 45 43 400 350
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 王思敬. 地球内外动力耦合作用与重大地质灾害的成因初探[J]. 工程地质学报, 2002, (2): 115-117. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2002.02.001
[2] 黄润秋, 李为乐. "5·12"汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(12): 2585-2592. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2008.12.028
[3] 郭长宝, 杜宇本, 佟元清, 等. 青藏高原东缘理塘乱石包高速远程滑坡发育特征与形成机理[J]. 地质通报, 2016, 35(8): 1332-1345. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2016.08.014 http://dzhtb.cgs.cn/gbc/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160814&flag=1
[4] 张永双, 吴瑞安, 郭长宝, 等. 古滑坡复活问题研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(7): 728-740.
[5] 郭长宝, 吴瑞安, 李雪, 等. 川西日扎潜在巨型岩质滑坡发育特征与形成机理研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 2020, 28(4): 772-783. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCDZ202004011.htm
[6] 黄润秋. 20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2007, (3): 433-454. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2007.03.001
[7] Sassa K. International programme on landslides[J]. Landslides, 2013, 1(2): 3-24. http://icl.iplhq.org/icl/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/certificate_IPL173_Nov2012.pdf
[8] 吴瑞安. 岷江上游古滑坡复活机理与危险性评价[D]. 中国地质科学院博士学位论文, 2019.
[9] Negi Indervir S, Kumar K, Kathait A, et al. Cost assessment of losses due to recent reactivation of Kaliasaur landslide on National Highway 58 in Garhwal Himalaya[J]. Natural Hazards, 2013, 68(2): 901-914. doi: 10.1007/s11069-013-0663-5
[10] Iverson R M, George D L, Allstadt K, et al. Landslide mobility and hazards: implications of the 2014 Oso disaster[J]. Earth & Planetary Science Letters, 2015, 412: 197-208. http://wwnorton.com/college/custom/student/cofc/documents/lab%204/EPSL%20Oso%20landslide.pdf
[11] 孙建霖. 时序InSAR技术及其在滑坡形变监测中的应用[D]. 兰州大学硕士学位论文, 2019.
[12] 龙维, 陈剑, 王鹏飞, 等. 金沙江上游特米大型古滑坡的成因及古地震参数反分析[J]. 地震研究, 2015, 38(4): 568-575, 697. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0666.2015.04.007
[13] 陈剑, 崔之久, 陈瑞琛, 等. 金沙江上游特米古滑坡堰塞湖成因与演化[J/OL]. 地学前缘, 2020, https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.9.9.
[14] 任三绍, 郭长宝, 张永双, 等. 川西巴塘茶树山滑坡发育特征及形成机理[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(5): 978-989. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2017.05.009
[15] 周荣军, 陈国星, 李勇, 等. 四川西部理塘-巴塘地区的活动断裂与1989年巴塘6.7级震群发震构造研究[J]. 地震地质, 2005, (1): 31-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2005.01.004
[16] 傅广海. 四川省甘孜州温泉类型、成因及旅游开发模式研究[D]. 成都理工大学博士学位论文, 2009.
[17] 白永健, 李明辉, 王东辉, 等. 金沙江中游巴塘县地质灾害发育特征及成灾规律分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2014, 25(2): 103-109. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDH201402023.htm
[18] 伍先国, 蔡长星. 金沙江断裂带新活动和巴塘6.5级地震震中的确定[J]. 地震研究, 1992, (4): 401-410. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZYJ199204006.htm
[19] Cruden D M, Varnes D J. Landslide types and processes, special report, transportation research board[J]. National Academy of Sciences, 1996, 247: 36-75.
[20] Bathrellos G D, Gaki-Papanastassiou K, Skilodimou H D, et al. Potential suitability for urban planning and industry development using natural hazard maps and geological-geomorphological parameters[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2012, 66(2): 537-548. doi: 10.1007/s12665-011-1263-x
[21] 张永双, 成余粮, 姚鑫, 等. 四川汶川地震-滑坡-泥石流灾害链形成演化过程[J]. 地质通报, 2013, 32(12): 1900-1910. http://dzhtb.cgs.cn/gbc/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20131203&flag=1
[22] 杜飞, 任光明, 夏敏, 等. 地震作用诱发老滑坡复活机制的数值模拟[J]. 山地学报, 2015, 33(2): 233-239. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SDYA201502013.htm
[23] 宋磊, 左三胜, 丁军, 等. 四川都江堰红梅村滑坡复活成因与机制分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2012, 23(2): 34-37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2012.02.007
[24] Chen J, Dai F C, Lv T Y, et al. Holocene landslide-dammed lake deposits in the Upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau and their ages[J]. Quaternary International, 2013, (298): 107-113.
[25] 姚贺冬, 石崇, 徐卫亚, 等. 古水水电站争岗堆积体滑坡复活条件分析[J]. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(1): 28-33. doi: 10.3876/j.issn.1000-1980.2015.01.006
[26] 徐锡伟, 张培震, 闻学泽, 等. 川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型[J]. 地震地质, 2005, (3): 446-461. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2005.03.010
[27] Keefer D K. Landslides caused by earthquakes[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1984, 95: 406-421. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<406:LCBE>2.0.CO;2
[28] 胡新丽, 殷坤龙. 大型水平顺层滑坡形成机制数值模拟方法——以重庆钢铁公司古滑坡为例[J]. 山地学报, 2001, (2): 175-179. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2001.02.017
[29] 胡卸文, 黄润秋, 朱海勇, 等. 唐家山堰塞湖库区马铃岩滑坡地震复活效应及其稳定性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2009, 28(6): 1270-1278. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2009.06.024
[30] 李育枢, 钟东, 周灏. 唐家湾东古滑坡成因与现代复活机制分析[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2012, 8(3): 652-658. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BASE201203035.htm
[31] Wang P F, Chen J, Dai F C, et al. Chronology of relict lake deposits around the Suwalong paleolandslide in the upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau: Implications to Holocene tectonic perturbations[J]. Geomorphology, 2014, 217: 193-203. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.027
[32] 薛德敏. 西南地区典型巨型滑坡形成与复活机制研究[D]. 成都理工大学硕士学位论文, 2010.
[33] 谢守益, 徐卫亚. 降雨诱发滑坡机制研究[J]. 武汉水利电力大学学报, 1999, (1): 22-24. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSDD901.005.htm
[34] Guo C B, Zhang Y S, Li X, et al. Reactivation of giant Jiangdingya ancient landslide in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, China[J]. Landslide, 2020, 17: 179-190. doi: 10.1007/s10346-019-01266-9
[35] 汤明高. 山区河道型水库塌岸预测评价方法及防治技术研究[D]. 成都理工大学博士学位论文, 2007.
[36] 代贞伟, 李滨, 陈云霞, 等. 三峡大树场镇堆积层滑坡暴雨失稳机理研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2016, 43(1): 149-156. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWDG201601024.htm
[37] 张永双, 吴瑞安, 任三绍. 降雨优势入渗通道对古滑坡复活的影响[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(4): 777-789. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX202104011.htm
[38] 杨志华, 吴瑞安, 郭长宝, 等. 川西巴塘断裂带地质灾害效应与典型滑坡发育特征[J/OL]. 中国地质, 2021, http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1167.P.20210111.1514.010.html.
[39] 贾俊, 朱立峰, 胡炜. 甘肃黑方台地区灌溉型黄土滑坡形成机理与运动学特征——以焦家崖头13号滑坡为例[J]. 地质通报, 2013, 32(12): 1968-1975. http://dzhtb.cgs.cn/gbc/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20131211&flag=1
[40] 陈春利, 贺凯, 李同录. 坡脚开挖诱发古滑坡复活的机制分析[J]. 西北地质, 2014, 47(1): 255-260. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6248.2014.01.024
[41] 龙建辉, 张吉宁. 煤矿井巷上方大型老滑坡复活机理与致灾过程[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报, 2015, 32(3): 511-517. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KSYL201503027.htm
① 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 《中国地震动峰值加速度区划图》(GB 18306—2015). 2015.
② 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 《滑坡防治工程勘查规范》(GB/T 32864—2016). 2016.
-
图(14)
表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2135
- PDF下载数: 21
- 施引文献: 0