庙岛海峡周边海域表层沉积物再悬浮及悬浮泥沙输运机制

林纪江; 胡日军; 王平; 宋卓利; 张文静; 牛建伟; 伊善堂; 丁小雨

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2021122002

庙岛海峡周边海域表层沉积物再悬浮及悬浮泥沙输运机制

1.
国家海洋局南海信息中心，广州 510310

2.
自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室，广州 510310

3.
中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院，青岛 266100

4.
国家海洋局北海海洋工程勘察研究院，青岛 266061

5.
中国科学院南海海洋研究所，广州 510301

6.
广州海洋地质调查局，广州 510075

基金项目: 2020年国家重点研发计划重点专项“海洋环境预报模式业务化运行评估与专项数据产品共享服务平台构建” （2019YFC1408400）

详细信息

作者简介: 林纪江（1990—），男，硕士，工程师，主要从事海洋沉积动力研究，E-mail：1025862976@qq.com

通讯作者: 胡日军(1980—)，男，博士，教授，主要从事海洋沉积动力研究，E-mail：hrj@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736

收稿日期: 2021-12-20

修回日期: 2022-03-04

录用日期: 2022-03-04

刊出日期: 2022-06-28

Surface sediment resuspension and suspended sediment transportation mechanism in the waters around Miaodao Strait

1.
South China Sea Information Center, SOA, Guangzhou 510310, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Detection Technology and Application, MNR, Guangzhou 510310, China

3.
College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

4.
North China Sea Marine Engineering Prospecting Institute of SOA, Qingdao, 266061, China

5.
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

6.
Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China

More Information

Corresponding author: HU Rijun, hrj@ouc.edu.cn

Received Date: 20 December 2021

Revised Date: 04 March 2022

Accepted Date: 04 March 2022

Publish Date: 28 June 2022

摘要

摘要:
根据实测水文泥沙资料，利用悬浮泥沙沉降公式、泥沙起动流速公式、再悬浮通量与沉降通量公式以及通量机制分解方法，分析了庙岛海峡周边海域的悬浮泥沙时空分布和变化特征，计算了再悬浮通量、沉降通量、单宽悬浮泥沙输运量，探讨了表层沉积物再悬浮和悬浮泥沙运移特征及动力机制。结果表明，悬浮泥沙浓度周期变化与潮流流速周期变化具有较好的相关性，底层悬沙浓度变化对高流速的响应比较明显，表层悬沙浓度变化对低流速响应比较明显；悬浮泥沙单颗粒沉降现象不明显，除庙岛海峡外其他海域较适合悬浮泥沙絮凝沉降，并以中、底层絮凝沉降为主，且表现出自表层至底层絮凝沉降作用逐渐加强趋势；表层沉积物再悬浮对近岸浅水区、庙岛群岛周边海域水体悬浮泥沙浓度的影响显著于其他海域；悬浮泥沙输运整体以平流输运为主，垂向净环流为辅，庙岛海峡南侧向黄海输沙、北侧向渤海输沙，二者同时进行，悬浮泥沙净输运主要由水道向两侧浅滩。
- 悬浮泥沙 /
- 沉降及再悬浮 /
- 动力机制 /
- 庙岛海峡
Abstract:
Based on the hydrological and sediment measurement data, characteristics of spatiotemporal distributions and variations of suspended sediment concentration and particle size around Miaodao Strait in Bohai Sea were analyzed. By using formulas of suspended sediment settlement, sediment incipient velocity, resuspension flux, and settlement flux, and the flux mechanism decomposition method, the resuspension flux, sedimentation flux, and suspended sediment transport capacity in the study area were calculated. The characteristics and dynamic mechanism of surface sediment resuspension and suspended sediment transport were analyzed. Results reveal a strong relationship between the periodic changes in the suspended sediment concentration and the tidal current velocity. The bottom layer responds obviously to high velocity while the surface layer responds obviously to low velocity. The phenomenon of single particle sedimentation of suspended sediment is not obvious. The hydrodynamic conditions in the sea areas are suitable for flocculation and sedimentation of suspended sediments except for the Miaodao Strait, and are mainly dominated by middle and bottom flocculation and sedimentation. The effect of surface sediment resuspension on the concentration of suspended sediment in the nearshore shallow water area and the sea area around the Miaodao Strait is significantly higher than that in other sea areas. The transport of suspended sediment is mainly advection transport and supplemented by vertical net circulation. In the southern side of Miaodao Strait, sediments are transported to the Yellow Sea, while those on the northern side to the Bohai Sea. The net transport of suspended sediment is mainly from the waterway to the shoals on both sides.
- suspended sediment /
- settlement and resuspension /
- dynamic mechanism /
- Miaodao Strait

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图 1 研究区水深地形及调查站位

Figure 1.

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图 2 各站位垂向平均潮流矢量^[22]

Figure 2.

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图 3 各站位垂向平均余流矢量

Figure 3.

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图 4 研究区余流场数值模拟结果^[21]

Figure 4.

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图 5 研究区沉积物类型分布

Figure 5.

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图 6 各类型沉积物粒级频率曲线

Figure 6.

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图 7 悬浮泥沙涨落潮段(左图)与表中底各层(右图)平均浓度分布^[22]

Figure 7.

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图 8

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图 8 各站位潮流流速、含沙量时间序列剖面

Figure 8.

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图 9 单日内各站位表中底层流速小于30 cm/s的持续时间（h）

Figure 9.

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图 10 大潮期各站位悬沙输运项与平均余流叠置图

Figure 10.

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图 11 小潮期各站位悬沙输运项与平均余流叠置图

Figure 11.

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图 12 研究区悬浮泥沙输运方向示意图

Figure 12.

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表 1 A1—A9各站悬浮泥沙沉降速度

Table 1. The settling velocity of suspended sediment at stations A1-A9

站位	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A7	A8	A9
D₅₀/µm	11	10.7	10.9	10.8	11.1	10.4	11.5	11.4	11.6
沉降速度/(mm/s)	0.0275	0.0260	0.0270	0.0265	0.0280	0.0246	0.0300	0.0295	0.0306

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表 2 各站位表层沉积物起动流速

Table 2. The critical motion velocity of surface sediment at each station

站位	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A7	A8	A9	B1	B2	B3
水深/m	19.2	30.0	14.9	19.1	29.7	10.2	12.0	11.8	17.0	13.6	14.6	5.0
中值粒径/µm	30.8	21.4	41.6	5000.0	1824.8	415.9	124.1	29.1	42.9	35.3	35.8	26.1
起动流速/(cm/s)	46.0	72.0	34.0	119.0	70.0	28.0	22.0	39.0	35.0	37.0	37.0	32.0

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表 3 A1—A9各站位再悬浮通量与沉降通量

Table 3. Resuspension and sedimentation fluxes of stations A1-A9

站位	再悬浮通量/(kg·m⁻²·s⁻¹)	沉降通量/(kg·m⁻²·s⁻¹)	悬浮时间/h	沉降时间/h	再悬浮量/(kg/m²)	沉降量/(kg/m²)
A1	2.91×10⁻⁶～1.45×10⁻³	5.04×10⁻⁸～5.41×10⁻⁷	16	8	21.40	7.68×10⁻³
A2	8.57×10⁻⁶～3.24×10⁻³	1.50×10⁻⁷～1.03×10⁻⁶	19	5	43.47	6.89×10⁻³
A3	5.33×10⁻⁷～1.44×10⁻³	3.32×10⁻⁸～3.63×10⁻⁷	15	9	15.36	5.13×10⁻³
A5	7.40×10⁻⁶～3.78×10⁻⁴	1.54×10⁻⁸～1.27×10⁻⁷	5	19	2.30	4.06×10⁻³
A6	2.37×10⁻⁵～3.40×10⁻⁴	4.56×10⁻⁸～3.61×10⁻⁷	10	14	4.61	7.92×10⁻³
A7	9.50×10⁻⁶～6.37×10⁻⁴	3.74×10⁻⁸～6.39×10⁻⁷	15	9	16.53	7.68×10⁻³
A8	1.04×10⁻⁵～2.05×10⁻³	1.12×10⁻⁸～6.54×10⁻⁷	16	8	29.28	6.75×10⁻³
A9	1.03×10⁻⁵～1.72×10⁻³	7.31×10⁻¹⁰～7.07×10⁻⁷	13	11	19.47	6.36×10⁻³

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表 4 A1—A9各站悬沙输运项及单宽悬沙净输运率（大潮）

Table 4. Items of suspended sediment transport and the net transport rate of single-width suspended sediment at stations A1-A9 (spring tide)

站位	输沙项	T₁	T₂	T₅	T₁+T₂	T₃+T₄	T₆+T₇+T₈	T
A1	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	3.89	0.45	2.81	3.62	0.03	0.05	4.29
A1	方向/(°)	154	285	256	160	273	16	200
A2	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	18.68	0.91	9.42	17.93	0.27	0.12	18.00
A2	方向/(°)	142	289	249	144	105	13	173
A3	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	35.94	1.77	3.81	37.50	0.53	0.18	35.16
A3	方向/(°)	265	236	128	264	288	56	260
A4	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	89.97	2.21	4.43	89.38	1.37	0.32	86.12
A4	方向/(°)	62	316	279	61	128	266	60
A5	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	21.33	1.72	12.27	22.83	0.32	0.05	35.38
A5	方向/(°)	261	291	257	263	271	175	261
A6	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	15.74	1.17	1.03	14.77	0.22	0.09	13.67
A6	方向/(°)	87	301	260	85	317	130	85
A7	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	14.71	0.74	2.70	14.01	0.17	0.13	11.44
A7	方向/(°)	67	265	265	66	258	87	62
A8	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	26.04	1.34	2.93	24.77	0.16	0.08	22.73
A8	方向/(°)	42	240	261	41	328	51	36
A9	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	3.21	0.26	2.75	3.19	0.07	0.07	0.43
A9	方向/(°)	164	262	344	169	57	76	186

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表 6 B1—B3各站悬沙输运项及单宽悬沙净输运率（大潮）

Table 6. Items of suspended sediment transport and the net transport rate of single-width suspended sediment at stations B1-B3 (spring tide)

站位	输沙项	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄	T₅	T₆+T₇+T₈	T₁+T₂	T
B1	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	1.15	0.34	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.01	1.12	1.13
B1	方向/(°)	156	260	336	69	192	92	174	172
B2	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	4.68	0.10	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.00	4.74	4.75
B2	方向/(°)	201	256	21	240	326	99	202	203
B3	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	0.23	0.04	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.21	0.20
B3	方向/(°)	187	312	187	251	45	325	195	195

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表 5 A1—A9各站悬沙输运项及单宽悬沙净输运率（小潮）

Table 5. Items of suspended sediment transport and the net transport rate of single-width suspended sediment at stations A1-A9 (neap tide)

站位	输沙项	T₁	T₂	T₅	T₁+T₂	T₃+T₄	T₆+T₇+T₈	T
A1	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	7.96	0.48	4.55	7.49	0.03	0.09	3.27
A1	方向/(°)	90	259	259	91	98	47	107
A2	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	10.82	0.09	4.36	10.87	0.11	0.24	7.83
A2	方向/(°)	118	172	260	119	119	296	139
A3	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	18.61	1.30	1.89	19.86	0.11	0.12	19.81
A3	方向/(°)	249	234	161	248	57	80	243
A4	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	30.53	0.25	2.92	30.53	0.24	0.01	28.26
A4	方向/(°)	61	332	273	60	107	327	57
A5	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	16.26	0.98	3.90	17.23	0.02	0.01	19.64
A5	方向/(°)	273	281	216	273	312	279	263
A6	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	10.06	0.54	1.19	9.61	0.05	0.04	8.55
A6	方向/(°)	72	286	275	70	295	81	67
A7	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	4.44	0.57	0.71	3.89	0.00	0.06	3.33
A7	方向/(°)	67	263	273	65	276	71	60
A8	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	12.87	0.48	0.93	12.64	0.12	0.02	12.04
A8	方向/(°)	142	261	278	144	76	13	146
A9	输沙率/(g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹)	3.31	0.28	1.26	3.07	0.03	0.02	2.14
A9	方向/(°)	95	244	242	98	279	357	117

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庙岛海峡周边海域表层沉积物再悬浮及悬浮泥沙输运机制

作者简介: 林纪江（1990—），男，硕士，工程师，主要从事海洋沉积动力研究，E-mail：1025862976@qq.com

通讯作者: 胡日军(1980—)，男，博士，教授，主要从事海洋沉积动力研究，E-mail：hrj@ouc.edu.cn

Surface sediment resuspension and suspended sediment transportation mechanism in the waters around Miaodao Strait

Corresponding author: HU Rijun, hrj@ouc.edu.cn

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