Analysis on Recovery and Utilization of Global Rare Earth Secondary Resources
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摘要:
稀土作为一种重要的工业原材料，已被许多国家列入战略性物资目录。近年来随着新能源等产业的发展，稀土需求越来越大，为此各国都展开了稀土二次资源回收利用研究工作。本文跟踪分析了大量图书论文资料，从主要发达国家稀土二次资源回收利用产业现状，我国稀土二次资源回收利用在面临的形势，我国稀土二次资源回收利用存在的问题等三个方面进行了分析，指出了下一步稀土二次资源回收利用方面需要开展的工作建议。
Abstract:Rare earth, as an important industrial raw material, has been listed in the strategic materials list by many countries. In recent years, with the development of new energy and other technologies, the demand for rare earth is increasing, so various developed countries have launched a rare earth secondary resources comprehensive utilization research work. In this paper, Based on tracking and analyzing a large number of books and papers, the present situation of comprehensive utilization of rare earth secondary resources at home and abroad and the existing problems in domestic rare earth secondary resources are summarized from three aspects: the present situation of rare earth secondary resources industry in major developed countries, the situation of rare earth secondary resources recovery in China and the existing problems in China. The research direction of rare earth secondary resources in the next step is pointed out.
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Key words:
- Rare earth /
- Secondary resources of rare earth /
- Comprehensive utilization /
- Solid wastes
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表 1 日本研究机构及企业稀土回收技术研究成果
Table 1. Research results of rare earth recovery technology in Japanese research institutions and enterprises
时间 机构 成果简介 简要原理 2010年10月 东京大学 从高性能电机用铷铁硼磁铁中回收稀土的新技术。 将电机中的钕磁铁放入ZnI2、MgCl2等溶液中，钕和镝析出后会气化蒸发从而实现分离。据悉该技术回收率可以达到80%到90%。 2010年11月 仁丹株式会社、
大阪府立大学利用微生物回收稀有金属和稀土元素的新技术。 利用微生物的代谢产物，例如，柠檬酸、草酸、Fe3+等，促进稀土元素的溶解，而后从溶液中提取稀土元素。 2013年8月 广岛大学、爱信COSMOS研究所 利用大马哈鱼和鳟鱼DNA吸附稀土元素的新技术。 利用大马哈鱼和鳟鱼的DNA吸附稀土元素，而后在酸性溶液中浸出分离提取稀土元素。 
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