The Cambrian sedimentary sequences and paleogeographic evolution in the Bachu-Maigaiti area, southwestern Tarim Basin.
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摘要:
塔里木盆地巴楚–麦盖提地区（巴麦地区）是重要的含油气地区。基于最新的钻井和地震资料，本文将该地区寒武系划分为13个三级层序，同时，总结了三级层序界面及层序内部特征，对层序格架下的沉积序列及各时期的岩相古地理进行了精细刻画，并且提出，巴麦地区经历了从碳酸盐缓坡到镶边碳酸盐台地的演化过程。通过对巴楚隆起上的钻井、测井资料和地震相应特征的研究，对缺乏钻井等实物资料的麦盖提斜坡地区沉积环境进行了合理的推测，最终以组为单位编制了岩相古地理图。研究结果显示，塔里木盆地巴楚–麦盖提地区在寒武纪的沉积演化中（SQ1-SQ13）经历了两次大规模海侵，形成寒武系盐下良好的生储盖组合，其中，麦盖提地区是塔里木盆地西南部寒武系勘探领域形成大型油气藏的最有利区带，具有良好的勘探前景。
Abstract:The Bachu-Maigaiti area in the Tarim Basin is an important oil-gas-bearing area. Based on the latest drilling and seismic data, this paper divides the Cambrian into 13 third-order sequences in the Bachu-Maigaiti area of the Tarim Basin. Detailed descriptions of the sedimentary sequences and lithofacies and paleogeography of each period were provided. It was proposed that the Bachu-Maigaiti area experienced an evolution process from a carbonate gentle slope to a rimmed carbonate platform. Through the study of up-drilling, logging data, and seismic characteristics of the Bachu uplift, the sedimentary environment of the Maigaiti slope, which lacks physical data such as drilling, was reasonably speculated, and finally the lithofacies paleogeographic map was compiled in units of groups. The results show that the Bachu-Maigaiti area in the Tarim Basin experienced two large-scale transgressions during the Cambrian sedimentary evolution (SQ1-SQ13), forming a good source-reservoir-cap assemblage in the Cambrian subsalt. In this context, the Maigaiti slope is the most favorable area for the formation of large oil and gas reservoirs in the Cambrian exploration area in the southwest of the Tarim Basin, and has good exploration prospects.
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Key words:
- Bachu-Maigaiti area /
- Cambrian /
- sedimentary sequence /
- Third-Order Sequence /
- Paleogeography
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表 1 巴楚–麦盖提地区寒武系三级层序划分
Table 1. Three-order sequence division of Cambrian in Bachu-Maigaiti area
组 沉积
时长三级层序 三级层序编号 三级层序界面 二级层序界面 一级层序界面 下丘塔里格 11.6 Ma 3个（约3.86 Ma） SQ13 T80 SQ12 SQ11 T81 阿瓦塔格 7.5 Ma 2个（约3.75 Ma） SQ10 SQ9 T82 沙依里克 4 Ma 1个（4.0 Ma） SQ8 T83 吾松格尔 5 Ma 2个（2.5 Ma） SQ7 SQ6 肖尔布拉克 15 Ma 3个（5 Ma） SQ5 T84 SQ4 SQ3 玉尔吐斯 12 Ma 2个（6.0 Ma） SQ2 SQ1 T90 
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表 2 巴楚–麦盖提地区寒武系沉积相划分（据牟传龙，2022）
Table 2. Division of sedimentary facies of Cambrian in Bachu-Maigaiti area（after Mou, 2022）
沉积相 沉积亚相 次相 微相 代表井及层位 镶边碳酸盐
台地蒸发台地 蒸发台坪 膏云坪、云坪、膏泥坪、云泥坪、泥坪 巴探5、方1、和4井阿瓦塔格组、吾松格尔组 蒸发潟湖 膏盐湖、盐湖（盐岩、膏盐岩、
云膏岩、泥膏岩）康2井阿瓦塔格组 局限台地 局限台坪 藻坪、云坪、灰云坪、泥云坪、
云泥坪康2、方1井阿瓦塔格组、肖尔布拉克组 台内滩 砂屑滩、生屑滩 方1井阿瓦塔格组、肖尔布拉克组 潟湖 泥坪 和4、巴探5井阿瓦塔格组、肖尔布拉克组 开阔台地 滩间 云灰坪、灰云坪 同1、方1、和4井沙依里克组 台内滩 砂屑滩、鲕粒滩、生屑滩 玛北1井沙依里克组 陆棚 陆棚 陆棚泥 塔西南坳陷玉尔吐斯组 碳酸盐缓坡 缓坡 后缓坡 膏云坪、泥云坪、泥坪 麦盖提斜坡肖尔布拉克组 浅水缓坡 砾屑滩、砂屑滩、生屑滩
（藻屑滩）麦盖提斜坡肖尔布拉克组 深水缓坡 缓坡泥、缓坡灰泥 麦盖提斜坡肖尔布拉克组
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