Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Regularity of Copper Deposits in Ningxia
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摘要:
这是一篇地球科学领域的论文。宁夏铜矿资源相对贫乏，现已基本查明铜矿产地15处，其中做过勘查工作的矿床有6个，累计查明铜金属量29 210.71 t。铜矿床类型有浅成中-低温热液型矿床和砂矿型矿床两类，成矿作用为岩浆作用、沉积作用、含矿流体作用（非岩浆-非变质作用）。铜矿产地主要分布于卫宁北山地区、香山地区、南西华山地区及六盘山南部地区，成矿时代为加里东期、华力西期、印支期、燕山期，其中以加里东期和燕山期为主。根据对现有矿床（点）的成矿地质规律的研究，将岩浆热液型和陆相沉积型作为重点预测类型。依据矿床成矿系列的物质组成，厘定出5个与铜相关的矿床成矿系列，总结了铜矿成矿谱系，提升了铜矿成矿规律研究的程度，为宁夏铜矿资源的潜力评价预测工作提供了理论依据。
Abstract:This is an article in the field of earth sciences. The copper resources in Ningxia are relatively poor, and 15 copper producing areas have been basically identified, of which 6 deposits have been explored, and the accumulative amount of copper metal has been identified as 29210.71 tons. There are two types of copper deposits: epigenetic medium-low temperature hydrothermal deposit and placer deposit. The mineralization process is magmatism, sedimentation,ore-bearing fluid process (non-magmatic-non-metamorphic process). Copper deposits are mainly distributed in Weining Beishan area, Xiangshan area, South West Huashan area and the southern area of Liupan Mountain. The metallogenic ages are Caledonian, Varissian, Indosinian and Yanshanian, mainly Caledonian and Yanshanian. According to the study on the metallogenic geological law of the existing deposits, the magmatic hydrothermal type and continental sedimentary type are taken as the key prediction types. According to the material composition of the ore-forming series, five ore-forming series related to copper are determined, and the ore-forming genealogy of copper ore is summarized. The research on metallogenic regularity of copper ore is improved. It provides a theoretical basis for the potential evaluation and prediction of copper resources in Ningxia.
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Key words:
- Earth sciences /
- Copper mine /
- Prediction type /
- Metallogenic regularity /
- Metallogenic series /
- Metallogenic lineage
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表 1 宁夏铜矿区数量与储量情况
Table 1. Quantity and reserves of copper mining areas in Ningxia
序号 矿区名称 规模 查明资源储
量/铜吨查明资源储
量/矿石千吨1 双圈铜矿 小型 1423.00 140.60 2 腰岘子铜银矿 小型 3461.54 632.92 3 峡子沟铜矿 小型 6400.60 516.18 4 卫宁北山大铜沟铜钴矿 小型 10912.45 354.42 5 土窑（铜铁沟）铜矿 小型 6461.12 436.10 6 二人山—黄石坡沟银铅矿 小型 552.00 150.63 7 正谊关沟铜矿 矿点 — — 8 红石堆铜矿 矿点 — — 9 狼嘴子铜矿 矿点 — — 10 茶树沟铜矿 矿点 — — 11 小西沟多金属矿 矿点 — — 12 簸箕掌铜矿 矿点 — — 13 窝宝沟铜矿 矿点 — — 14 海英岔铜矿 矿点 — — 15 黄草沟铜矿 矿点 — — 数据来源：宁夏回族自治区矿产资源国情调查报告，数据截止日期2020年底 
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表 2 宁夏铜矿成因类型及地质特征
Table 2. Copper genetic types and geologic characteristics in Ningxia
矿床成因类型 矿床式 产出部位 矿体形态及规模 主要矿物组合 结构构造 典型矿床 一级 二级 三级 内生
作用含矿流体作用矿床（非岩浆-非变质作用矿床） 浅成中-低温热液型矿床 土窑式热液型铜矿 产于断裂或
断裂破碎带中脉状、
不规则状孔雀石、蓝铜矿、斑铜矿、黄铜矿、辉铜矿、铜兰、黑铜矿、黝铜矿 碎裂状结构、填隙结构、交代结构、等粒结构等；碎裂状、角砾状、薄膜状、土状、粉末状构造 土窑（铜铁沟）铜矿床 西华山式热液型铜矿 产于断裂或
断裂破碎带中脉状、
不规则状黄铜矿、孔雀石为主，次为辉铜矿、褐铁矿、黄铁矿、蓝铜矿 变晶结构、粒状结构、交代结构、碎裂结构；片状构造、浸染构造、块状构造 簸箕掌铜矿 外生
作用沉积作用矿床 砂矿型矿床 香山式砂岩型铜矿 泥盆系含石英砂岩、
粉砂岩及页岩中透镜扁豆体
或似层状兰铜矿、辉铜矿、斑铜矿、黄铜矿 中细粒砂状结构、变余中细粒砂状结构；块状构造 腰岘子铜矿床 六盘山式沉积型铜矿 白垩系粗粒长石砂岩、细粒泥质砂岩、泥岩、石英长石砂岩、砾状长石砂岩中 层状或
似层状辉铜矿、孔雀石、蓝
铜矿细-中粗粒砂状结构；块状
构造黄草沟铜矿床
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表 3 宁夏铜矿预测类型划分
Table 3. Classification of copper prediction type in Ningxia
序号 预测类型 典型矿床 预测工作区范围 1 陆相砂岩型 香山式砂岩型铜矿 中卫市腰岘子铜矿床 卫宁北山地区
香山-烟筒山地区2 六盘山式沉积型铜矿 固原市黄草沟铜矿点 月亮山-六盘山地区 3 浅成中-低温热液型型 土窑式热液型铜金矿 中宁县土窑（铜铁沟）铜矿 卫宁北山地区 4 西华山式热液型铜矿 海原县簸箕掌铜矿点 南-西华山地区 月亮山地区
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表 4 宁夏铜矿时空分布谱系
Table 4. Temporal and spatial distribution of copper deposits in Ningxia
成矿时段
成矿区带加里东期 泥盆纪 石炭纪 印支期 燕山期 三叠纪 侏罗纪 白垩纪 Ⅲ-20 狼嘴子
茶树沟腰岘子 双圈、土窑（铜铁沟）、大铜沟
红石堆、二人山—黄石坡沟银铅矿峡子沟 Ⅲ-21 小西沟
簸箕掌
窝宝沟海英岔
黄草沟Ⅲ-59 正谊关沟
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表 5 宁夏矿床成矿系列划分
Table 5. Metallogenic series of ore deposits in Ningxia
序号 矿床成矿系列 矿床式 矿产地实例 相关地质体 1 Pz1-I(F）加里东期岩浆-热液作用有关的铜、金、银、硫铁矿成矿系列 簸箕掌式铜 中卫市簸箕掌铜矿 海原岩群 2 Pz2-S晚古生代沉积作用有关铜、银、灰岩、石膏、石英砂岩、煤、天然气、粘土、油页岩矿床成矿系列 中宁式铜、银 中卫市腰岘子铜矿、中卫市峡子沟（拐门沟）铜矿 中宁组碎屑岩建造 3 Ⅲ51-Mz1-F鄂尔多斯地块印支期热液作用有关金、铜、铅、锌、银、重晶石矿床成矿
系列灯影子式铜 石嘴山市正谊关沟铜矿 贺兰山岩群 4 Mz-S中生代沉积作用有关铜、石英砂岩、煤、油气、油页岩、粘土矿床成矿系列 六盘山式铜 固原市黄草沟铜矿 六盘山群杂色碎屑岩建造 5 Ⅲ41-Mz2-F腾格里早古生代增生楔燕山期热液作用有关铁、铜、金、银、铅、锌、硫铁矿、重晶石矿床成矿系列 铜铁沟-大铜沟式铜 中卫市铜铁沟（土窑）铜矿、中卫市大铜沟铜（钴）矿 石炭纪碎屑岩建造 二人山式银、铅、铜、硫铁矿 中卫市二人山硫铁多金属矿 晚泥盆世-早石炭世碎屑岩建造
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