全球锂铍铌钽矿产资源勘探开发新进展

吴西顺; 王登红; 成艾颖; 苗淼; 杨添天; 姚翔

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2024.04.001

全球锂铍铌钽矿产资源勘探开发新进展

1.
中国地质调查局地学文献中心，中国地质图书馆，北京　100083

2.
自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室，中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所，北京　100037

3.
中国科学院青海盐湖研究所，青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室，青海　西宁　810008

4.
中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院，北京　100083

5.
中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心，北京　100083

6.
北京电子科技职业学院，北京　100176

7.
中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局，广东　广州　510075

基金项目: 中国地质大调查项目（DD20230139、DD20221794）；青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室开放基金(青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室奖励经费2022—2024)

详细信息

作者简介: 吴西顺（1975-），男，博士，副研究员，现主要从事矿产资源、矿业科技、非常规能源和产业政策的科研工作

中图分类号: TD15

收稿日期: 2023-12-30

刊出日期: 2024-08-25

New Progress in Exploration and Development of Global Li-Be-Nb-Ta Resources

1.
National Geological Documentation Center, China Geological Survey (China Geological Library), Beijing 100083, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Mineralization and Resource Evaluation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

3.
Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China

4.
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

5.
Oil and Gas Resources Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China

6.
Beijing Electronic Technology Vocational College, Beijing 100176, China

7.
Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, CGS, Guangzhou 510075, Guangdong , China

Received Date: 30 December 2023

Publish Date: 25 August 2024

摘要

摘要:
这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。锂铍铌钽，既是重要紧缺性稀有金属，也是新兴战略性产业的关键矿产，在成矿规律和勘探开发领域既有共性也有个性并有新的发展。本文力求尽量全面和准确地衡量和评价锂铍铌钽全球资源量和储量数据，及时反映勘探开发新形势和技术新进展。花岗伟晶岩多旋回成矿理论获得重要勘探突破，南美盐湖锂矿技术产量双释放临近，粘土岩和地热卤水提锂增储潜力巨大，碱性-过碱性火山成因-伟晶岩侵入型铌钽成矿在美洲和青藏地区研究深入，中国锂铍矿勘探获重大系列突破，鄂西北铌钽稀土等资源基地建设或可借鉴北美Nechalacho铌钽稀土矿床的勘探和开发经验。本文基于锂铍铌钽矿床和典型案例剖析，提出多期热事件多旋回岩浆分异出熔可能是大型-特大型矿床的关键条件。
- 矿业工程 /
- 锂铍铌钽 /
- 成矿理论 /
- 勘探开发 /
- 全球热事件 /
- 巨型矿床
Abstract:
This is an article in the field of mining engineering. Li-Be-Nb-Ta are not only the important highly-demanded rare metals, but also key minerals in emerging strategic industries. They have both commonality and individuality in mineralization mechanism and R&D with new progress. This article aims to comprehensively and accurately measure and evaluate the global resource and reserve data of Li-Be-Nb-Ta, and timely reflect new developments in exploration and development and technological progress. The multi-cycle metallogenic theory of granite pegmatite has made important breakthrough in exploration, the technical output of lithium deposits in South American salt lakes is approaching, the potential for lithium extraction and storage increase in clay rocks and geothermal brines is increasing, the alkaline-peralkaline volcanic intrusive pegmatite type Nb-Ta mineralization has been highlighted in the Americas and the Qinghai-Xizang region, and the exploration of Li-Be deposits in mainland China has made important breakthroughs. The construction of the resource base for Nb-Ta-REE in northwest Hubei can learn from the progress and experience of enterprise level exploration and testing such as Avalon Rare Metals Company in North America. Based on the analysis of 1396 lithium beryllium niobium tantalum deposits and typical cases in the world, this article proposes that multi stage thermal events and multi cycle magmatic differentiation and melting may be the key conditions for large to super large deposits.
- Mining egineering /
- Li-Be-Nb-Ta /
- Metallogenic theory /
- Exploration and development /
- Global thermal events /
- Giant deposits

HTML全文

图 1 全球铌钽矿床品位和吨位（按矿床类型）^[18]

Figure 1.

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图 2 大型超大型矿床在深时空地质中的出现频率

Figure 2.

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图 3 稀有金属伟晶岩与花岗岩深时关系^[26]

Figure 3.

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图 4 全球克拉通与伟晶岩矿床时空关系^[25]

Figure 4.

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图 5 岩浆演化与稀有金属分异机制^[25]

Figure 5.

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表 1 大型超大型锂铍铌钽矿床类型

Table 1. Types of large super-large lithium-beryllium-niobium-tantalum deposits

类型	矿体位置	赋存矿种	大型和特大型矿床实例
伟晶岩型	大部分成群成雁列型式沿走向和倾向分布，有时独立存在	锂、锡、铯、铍、铷、钽、铌	Greenbushes，Wodgina， Vishnyakovskoe，Kenticha
花岗岩型	位于锂-氟花岗岩顶部，岩株状，有时板状块体	锡、锂、萤石、铯、铷、铌、钨	Nuweibi，Etyka，Echassieres， Abu Dabbab
碱性花岗岩型	矿化在整个碱性花岗岩、正长岩、粗面斑岩岩株和熔岩凝灰岩层中几乎均匀分布	铌、锆、稀土、锡、萤石、冰晶石、铀、锂	Ulug-Tanzek，Ghurayyah，Pitinga， Toongi，Halzan Buregtei
霞石正长岩型	矿化层在层状钠质杂岩剖面中重复出现；岩墙，霞石正长岩的伟晶岩中也发育矿化	锆、稀土、铌、钽、钛、铀	Tanbreez，Lovozero，Nechalacho， Motzfeldt
碳酸岩型	碳酸岩杂岩或相邻硅酸盐矿化体及风化壳	铌、钽、磷、稀土、铁、铀	Mabouni，Upper Fir，MtWeld

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全球锂铍铌钽矿产资源勘探开发新进展

作者简介: 吴西顺（1975-），男，博士，副研究员，现主要从事矿产资源、矿业科技、非常规能源和产业政策的科研工作

New Progress in Exploration and Development of Global Li-Be-Nb-Ta Resources

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