海底失稳调查与评价流程

司少文; 王大伟; 贺惠忠; 孙悦; 孙金; 吴时国

doi:10.16028/j.1009-2722.2020.008

海底失稳调查与评价流程

1.
中国科学院海洋研究所，青岛 266071

2.
中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所，海南三亚 572000

3.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

4.
国家海洋局南海调查技术中心，广州 510310

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金“南海珠江口外海底峡谷内底形沉积结构与形成机理”（41666002）；国家自然科学基金“琼东南盆地深水重力流沉积旋回演化规律与形成机理”（41576049）；中国科学院前沿科学研究重点计划项目“深水海底峡谷-水道地貌特征及形成机理”（QYZDB-SSW-SYS025）

详细信息

作者简介: 司少文（1995—），男，硕士，主要从事海洋地质灾害方面的研究工作. E-mail：sisw@idsse.ac.cn

通讯作者: 王大伟（1976—），男，博士，研究员，主要从事深水沉积过程、深水油气和海洋地质灾害方面的研究工作. E-mail：wangdawei@idsse.ac.cn

中图分类号: P736.21; P694

收稿日期: 2020-01-23

刊出日期: 2021-02-28

SEABED INSTABILITY INVESTIGATION AND ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

1.
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

2.
Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China

3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

4.
South China Sea Marine Survey and Technology Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510310, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Dawei, wangdawei@idsse.ac.cn

Received Date: 23 January 2020

Publish Date: 28 February 2021

摘要

摘要:
不同于陆地滑坡，海底滑坡由于水动力条件这一特殊因素致使其难以观测，其致灾机理、失稳评价流程等也未形成标准。对海底失稳与致灾机理的深入研究，涉及海斗深渊的形成与演化、深水工程开发的商业利益、海洋地质灾害的预测及海洋工程的安全等诸多问题。海底失稳调查与评价流程分为地质调查、灾害机理分析、失稳评价3个方面，综合地球物理、海底原位监测、数值模拟、物理实验模拟等技术方法，形成从前期调查到后期评估的完整流程，对海底稳定性评价工作具有参考意义。
- 海底失稳 /
- 海洋工程地质调查 /
- 海底稳定性评价 /
- 海底滑坡
Abstract:
Unlike continental landslides, underwater landslides are hard to be observed due to the specific hydrodynamic conditions. So far there have been no standards and guidelines available for the procedures on disaster-causing mechanism studies and instability assessment, which involves not only the in-depth study of seabed instability, but also the formation and evolution of buttle and abyss, deep sea project development, business interests, marine geological disaster forecast, safety of the marine engineering and constructions, and other problems. With the rapid progress in China's marine scientific survey and various submarine projects, great achievements have been made by China in the past decades, in particular in the following three aspects: marine geological survey, disaster mechanism analysis and instability assessment. By integrating geophysical, in-situ seabed monitoring, numerical simulation, physical experiment simulation and other techniques, a complete process from early investigation to late evaluation is preliminarily presented in this paper, which is critical important for seabed stability assessment indeed.
- seabed instability /
- marine engineering geological survey /
- seabed stability evaluation /
- submarine landslide

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图 1 海底滑坡失稳工作流程

Figure 1.

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图 2 世界各国海底观测网系统

Figure 2.

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图 3 海底滑坡失稳因素图

Figure 3.

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图 4 海底滑坡内部结构模式图解

Figure 4.

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图 5 Monte Castello地区的多时相滑坡地图^[28]

Figure 5.

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表 1 海底滑坡灾害损失统计表

Table 1. Loss statistics of submarine landslide disasters

损失类型	编号	年份	地点	诱发滑坡因素	具体描述
电缆	1	1929	纽芬兰岛南部250 km陆坡	7.2级地震	200 km³土体滑移，跨大西洋海底电缆12处断裂^[3]
	2	1946	加拿大佐治亚海峡	7.2级地震	破坏电缆，引发小型海啸^[4]
	3	2003	阿尔及利亚	Boumerdes地震	6条电缆及所有海底通信网络^[5]
	4	2006	吕宋海峡	台湾西南部屏东地震	11条光缆断裂，东南亚断讯12小时^[6]
钢架平台等设施	1	1969	美国密西西比河三角洲南	卡米尔飓风诱发土体失稳	3座钢平台破坏，其中B平台滑移30 m，经济损失1亿多美元^[7]
	2	1973	渤海湾	水下土体滑动	“渤海湾二号”下沉，损失3 600万元^[8]
	3	2002	意大利斯特龙博利岛	火山山体滑坡，造成海啸	10 m高海啸席卷100 km外的 Milazzo港口^[9]
生命财产	1	1923	日本相模湾	7.9～8.3级地震	引发12 m高海啸，破坏横滨90%建筑，死亡15.6万人^[10]
	2	1979	印度尼西亚	滑坡引发海啸	9 m高海啸，死亡1 239人
	3	1998	巴布亚新几内	地震滑坡引发海啸	15 m高海啸，死亡2 000人^[11]
	4	2011	日本东北部太平洋海域	西太平洋9.0级地震和海底滑坡引发海啸	死亡11 232人，并引发福岛第一核电站核泄漏^[12]
	5	2018	印尼火山喷发	喀拉喀托火山喷发造成滑坡、诱发海啸	伤亡400多人 ^[13]
	6	2018	苏拉威西岛	Palu-Koro断层走滑引发海底滑坡	引发最大海啸波高7.0 m^[14]

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表 2 海底滑坡研究项目统计

Table 2. Statistics of submarine landslides

年份	项目名称	研究地区/技术手段/设备参数
1984—1991	GLORIA	美国专属经济区
1989—1992	ADFEX	北极三角洲
1993—1996	STEAM	欧洲大西洋边缘
1995—2001	STRATAFORM	墨西哥湾西北部大陆架边缘
1996—1999	ENAMⅡ	欧洲北大西洋边缘
欧洲2000—2004，加拿大2000—2005	COSTA	亚得里亚海、西北地中海
2016	爱尔兰ERC CODEMAP	利用ROV对Rockall Bank滑坡综合体获取精细3D模型
2006年（建成）	加拿大观测网（ONC）	总长850 km，主机站5个
2008年（启动）	欧洲海底观测网（EMSO）	主机站15个
2012年（启动）	中国南海海底观测系统	总长150 km，主机站1个
2015年（建成）	日本海底观测网络DONET	总长300 km，主机站7个，连接部分IODP海底钻孔观测点
	日本海底观测网络DONET2	总长450 km，主机站7个
	日本海底观测网络S-net	总长5 700 km
2016年（启动）	美国海底观测网（OOI）	总长880 km，主机站7个
2020年（启动）	IODP 386 航次	日本海沟，18个站点，海底以下40 m钻探

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海底失稳调查与评价流程

1. 中国科学院海洋研究所，青岛 266071 2. 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所，海南三亚 572000 3. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049 4. 国家海洋局南海调查技术中心，广州 510310

作者简介: 司少文（1995—），男，硕士，主要从事海洋地质灾害方面的研究工作. E-mail：sisw@idsse.ac.cn

通讯作者: 王大伟（1976—），男，博士，研究员，主要从事深水沉积过程、深水油气和海洋地质灾害方面的研究工作. E-mail：wangdawei@idsse.ac.cn

SEABED INSTABILITY INVESTIGATION AND ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

Corresponding author: WANG Dawei, wangdawei@idsse.ac.cn

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目录

1.
中国科学院海洋研究所，青岛 266071

2.
中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所，海南三亚 572000

3.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

4.
国家海洋局南海调查技术中心，广州 510310