Spectrophotometric Determination of Cd(Ⅱ) in Environmental Water Samples with Cadion in the Presence of Triton X-114 Surface Active Agent
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摘要: 及时监测环境水中的镉含量是预防和治理镉污染的前提，采用分光光度法测定镉具有简便、迅速、易普及等特点，然而较低的灵敏度限制了该方法的应用。本文通过选用表面活性剂Triton X-114为增敏剂，有效地提高了镉试剂分光光度法测定镉离子的灵敏度。研究结果表明，在KOH溶液中，Triton X-114存在下，镉试剂与镉离子生成橙红色络合物，显色物质最大吸收峰为470 nm，镉离子含量在0～10 μg/25 mL范围内符合比尔定律，表观摩尔吸光系数达到1.25×105 L/(mol·cm)，检测限低至5.0 μg/L。与Triton X-100以及其他表面活性剂相比，Triton X-114的应用能显著提高镉试剂光度法测定镉的吸光度，表观摩尔吸光系数最高可增加49%，检测限也能够降低近50%，并且分析方法简便迅速，易普及，可应用于环境水以及工业废水中微量或痕量镉的直接测定。Abstract: It is vital to monitor the cadmium (Cd) content in environmental water over time, as it is a prerequisite to prevent and control Cd contamination. Spectrophotometric determination of Cd was simple, rapid and well established. However, low sensitivity limits the application of Spectrophotometry to determine Cd content in environmental water samples. The sensitivity of Cd can be significantly improved for Spectrophotometry by using the surface active agent Triton X-114. In a KOH medium, Cd ions react with cadion to form orange complex. In tests, the maximum absorption and molar absorptivity for the orange complex were 470 nm and 1.25×105L/(mol·cm), respectively. Beer′s law was obeyed for 0-10 μg of Cd in 25 mL of solution. The detection limit was 5.0 μg/L. Compared with Triton X-100 and other surface active agents, Triton X-114 can increase maximum of 49% to the molar absorption coefficient and reduced about 50% of the detection limit. This method is simple, fast and suitable to determine directly major or trace Cd in environmental water and industrial wastewater.
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Key words:
- environmental water samples /
- cadmium /
- cadion /
- Triton X-114 /
- surface active agent /
- spectrophotometry
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表 1 不同方法的线性范围、灵敏度和相对标准偏差
Table 1. Linear ranges,sensitivities and relative standard deviations of different methods
测试方法 线性范围ρ(Cd)/
(μg·25 mL-1)ε470/
(L·mol-1·cm-1)RSD/%
(n=5)检测限/
(μg·L-1)镉试剂-TX-114 0~10 1.25×105 2.205 5.0 镉试剂-TX-100 0~10 8.17×104 3.443 7.5 
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表 2 环境水样中Cd的测定结果
Table 2. Analytical results of Cd in environment water samples
实际水样 ρ(Cd)/(μg·mL-1) 回收率/% FAAS法测定总量ρ
(Cd)/(μg·mL-1)本底值 加入量 测定总量 湖水 未检出 0.050 0.048 95.5 0.048 工业废水 0.210 0.200 0.410 100.0 0.415
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