Key points of the design of a nodal acquisition system for seismic exploration
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摘要: 为了对应长期低油价形势,地震勘探采集成本不断降低,同时为了满足越来越严格的环保要求,节点采集设备凭借其低成本、低采集脚印等优势不断推广。节点仪器的设计制造入门门槛偏低。市场上部分产品出于设计或成本等方面的考虑,在一些细节方面的缺失或忽视会造成地震勘探采集作业现场应用的困难。本文结合多年地震勘探设备使用经验,以及当前市场常见节点特性分析,在信号采集、测试功能、电路设计、存储、电池、外形、配套系统、质量控制及配套设备几个方面节点设计需要注意的细节进行阐述。避免由于设计原因出现信号采集的失真、耦合、EMC等问题。节点设备的采集质量完全依靠每一个节点设备在本地的独立工作性能和工作稳定性。而这两方面完全依靠厂家对于地震勘探采集信号和采集作业的理解,进而产生的设计。设计必须考虑为满足新形势下油气勘探开发需要,油气勘探开发重心不断向深层—超深层、强复杂地表更复杂领域转移,当前地震勘探采集更多地关注深层,要求对于信号拾取高精度、高分辨率,因此也就更需要提高对于弱信号、宽频信号的采集能力。Abstract: The requirements for the design and manufacturing of nodal devices are relatively low. The most basic modules of a nodal device include controllers, acquisition circuits, GNSS timing circuits, geophones, batteries, interfaces, downloading cabinets, data downloading & compositing servers, optional testing circuits, signal generators, and QC manuals. As mature supply chains are available for all the above modules, manufacturers pay more attention to organically integrating the above modules into products that can stably work and meet the needs for the signal acquisition of seismic exploration. However, the absence or neglect of some details in some products on the market due to design or cost considerations will cause difficulties in the field application of seismic data acquisition. The data acquisition quality of the nodal devices relies entirely on the independent performance and stability of each nodal device, which further rely entirely on the manufacturers‘ understanding of signal acquisition for seismic exploration and data acquisition operations and the resultant design. The requirements of oil and gas exploration and development in new situations must be considered in the design of nodal devices. The focus of oil and gas exploration and development is constantly shifting to deep and ultra-deep parts with more complex ground surfaces, and thus high precision and resolution are required for signal pickup. As a result, nodal devices should be more capable of acquiring weak signals and broadband signals, which cannot be compromised in the design. This paper elaborates on the fundamental details of signal acquisition, test functions, circuit design, storage, batteries, profile, auxiliary systems, quality control, and auxiliary devices in order to avoid problems such as signal distortion, coupling, and EMC.
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Key words:
- nodal device /
- EMC /
- circuit design
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