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摘要:
地热资源作为一种可再生清洁能源，对可持续发展有着重要的意义。本文通过分析中国沉积盆地型地热资源特点，对主要热储层分布进行了论述，并在此基础上对不同热储的水化学特征进行了总结，评价了我国主要沉积盆地型地热资源潜力。沉积盆地型地热资源主要为中低温地热资源，是中国水热型地热资源的主要类型，约占水热型地热资源总量的89%，具有储集空间广、厚度大，地热资源热储类型多、储量大，赋存中低温地热水，资源可利用程度高等特点。沉积盆地型地下热水水化学类型一般由补给区HCO3-Na型、HCO3·Cl-Na型等低矿化水，逐渐过渡为Cl·HCO3-Na型，最终到排泄区或封闭状态下变为Cl-Na型等高矿化水。沉积盆地中热盆地热资源储存量较大，占到主要沉积盆地总储存量的54%，地热资源可开采量占到主要沉积盆地总可开采量的59%，温盆地热资源储存量占到42%，可开采量占到40%，冷盆地热资源储存量仅占到4%，可开采量占到1%。应进一步加强地热资源勘查工作；积极开展地热资源回灌，保证可持续开发利用；推进地热资源梯级综合利用；建立地热资源监测网。
Abstract:As a renewable clean energy, geothermal resources play an important role in sustainable development. As the sedimentary basin type geothermal resources are mostly distributed in the population gathering areas such as the plain basin, it is important to study the geothermal resources of the sedimentary basin. Based on the analysis of geothermal reservoir distribution and hydrochemical characteristics of sedimentary basins in China, the authors evaluated the geothermal resources of sedimentary basins. The geothermal resources of sedimentary basins are mainly medium and low temperature geothermal resources, and they constitute the main type of geothermal resources in China, accounting for 89% of the total geothermal resources. Moreover, they have the characteristics of wide reservoir space, large thickness, abundant types of geothermal resources, large reserves of geothermal resources, medium and low temperature geothermal water and high availability of resources. The chemical types of geothermal water in sedimentary basin type generally change from low-mineralized water such as HCO3-Na and HCO3-Cl-Na through ClHCO3-Na type and to high-mineralized water such as Cl-Na type in drainage area or closure state. The salinity increases from shallow to deep part as well. The thermal resources in thermal basins account for 54% of the total reserves in major sedimentary basins, 59% of the total recoverable reserves in major sedimentary basins, 42% in warm basins, 40% in recoverable reserves, 4% in cold basins and 1% in recoverable reserves. Therefore, geothermal resources exploration should be further strengthened, geothermal resources recharge should be actively carried out to ensure sustainable development and utilization, geothermal resources comprehensive utilization should be promoted, and geothermal resources monitoring network should be established.
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Key words:
- geothermal resources /
- geothermal field /
- hydrochemistry /
- resource potential
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表 2 主要盆地新近系—古近系热储分布
Table 2. Reservoir distribution of Neogene and Paleogene in the main basins
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表 3 华北平原新近系—古近系热储水化学特征
Table 3. Chemical characteristics of hydrothermal reservoirs in Neogene and Paleogene
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表 4 主要盆地元古界—太古界热储水化学特征
Table 4. Chemical characteristics of hydrothermal reservoir in Proterozoic and Archean
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表 6 主要沉积盆地地热资源不同温度资源量及百分比
Table 6. Comparison of reserves at different temperature ranges in main sedimentary basins
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