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摘要:
研究目的 银是现代国防、尖端科技不可缺少的材料，也是人民群众用于装饰美化生活的贵金属之一。
研究方法 本文系统收集了湖南银矿床储量和分布等内容，在对全省93处银矿床资料系统梳理的基础上，综合分析湖南银矿床成因类型、主要预测类型及地层、构造、岩浆岩、地球化学异常、重砂异常等成矿控制因素，总结了湖南银矿的时空分布规律。
研究结果 至2018年，湖南省发现银矿床93处，累计查明资源储量1.55万t，占中国查明银矿比例4.71%，郴州、衡阳、永州三市，占全省总查明量的89.40%。银主要与铅锌、金、铜、钨等共伴生，以伴生矿床为主、共生矿床及主要矿床为辅。对各矿床划分了岩浆作用形成的矽卡岩型、岩浆热液型，含矿流体作用形成的浅成中—低温热液（MVT密西西比河谷）型，沉积作用形成的机械沉积（砂岩）型、化学沉积（页岩）型，表生作用形成的风化型等6个银矿成因类型及预测类型，其中前3个为主要成因类型及主要预测类型，编制了湖南银矿主要预测类型分布图。
结论 划分了加里东期、印支期、燕山期、喜山期共4个成矿时代，以燕山期为主；湖南银矿除洞庭湖以外均有分布，主要分布于岳阳—邵阳一线以东，资源储量主要分布于七宝山、水口山、千里山、坪宝及铜山岭等几个矿田内。划分出23个矿集区，编制了湖南银矿矿集区分布图；划分7个成矿系列，8个亚系列。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective Silver is an indispensable material for modern national defense and cutting-edge science and technology. It is also one of the precious metals used by the people to decorate and beautify their lives.
Methods This paper systematically collected the reserves and distribution of silver deposits in Hunan province. Based on the systematic sorting out of 93 silver deposits in Hunan province, we comprehensively analyze the genetic types and main prediction types of silver deposits in Hunan, and the metallogenic control factors such as strata, structure, magmatic rocks, geochemical anomalies and heavy sand anomalies. Furthermore, the temporal and spatial distribution law of silver deposits in Hunan is also summarized.
Results By 2018, 93 silver deposits were discovered in Hunan province, with a total of 15, 500 tons of resources identified. The identified resources in Hunan accounted for 4.71% of the silver deposits in China. Chenzhou, Hengyang and Yongzhou accounted for 89.40% of the total identified resources in Hunan. Silver is mainly associated with lead, zinc, gold, copper and tungsten, with associated deposits as the main ones, paragenetic deposits and main deposits as the auxiliary ones. These deposits can be divided into six genetic types: skarn type and magmatic hydrothermal type formed by magmatism, epithermal medium- low temperature (MVT Mississippi Valley) type formed by orebearing fluid, mechanical sedimentation (sandstone) type and chemical sedimentation (shale) type formed by sedimentation, and prediction type formed by supergene weathering. Among them, skarn type, magmatic hydrothermal type and epithermal mediumlow temperature type are the main genetic types and prediction types. The distribution map of main prediction types of silver deposits in Hunan is compiled.
Conclusions Four metallogenic epochs are divided into Caledonian, Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan, and Yanshanian is the main metallogenic epoch. In space, silver mines are distributed all over the Hunan province except from Dongting Lake, mainly distributed in the east of Yueyang—Shaoyang line. The resource reserves are mainly distributed in Qibaoshan, Shuikoushan, Qianlishan, Pingbao and Tongshanling. 23 ore concentration areas are divided, subdivided into 7 metallogenic series and 8 subseries. The distribution map of silver ore concentration areas in Hunan province are compiled.
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图 1 湖南省银矿资源及主要矿产预测类型分布图（据湖南省地质调查院, 2012）
Figure 1.
表 3 湖南银矿床主要预测类型
Table 3. Summary of main prediction types of silver deposits in Hunan Province
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表 4 湖南银矿成矿期划分简表
Table 4. Brief table of metallogenic epoch divisions of silver deposits in Hunan Province
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表 5 湖南银矿矿集区划分表
Table 5. Division table of silver ore concentration areas in Hunan Province
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表 6 湖南省银矿床成矿系列划分一览表
Table 6. List of metallogenic series of silver deposits in Hunan Province
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