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铼矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状

伍月, 鞠楠, 张森, 马维, 郭常来, 吴涛涛, 周永恒. 2023. 铼矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状[J]. 中国地质, 50(1): 133-145. doi: 10.12029/gc20211019001
引用本文: 伍月, 鞠楠, 张森, 马维, 郭常来, 吴涛涛, 周永恒. 2023. 铼矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状[J]. 中国地质, 50(1): 133-145. doi: 10.12029/gc20211019001
WU Yue, JU Nan, ZHANG Sen, MA Wei, GUO Changlai, WU Taotao, ZHOU Yongheng. 2023. The distribution features, main types and present situation of exploration and development for rhenium[J]. Geology in China, 50(1): 133-145. doi: 10.12029/gc20211019001
Citation: WU Yue, JU Nan, ZHANG Sen, MA Wei, GUO Changlai, WU Taotao, ZHOU Yongheng. 2023. The distribution features, main types and present situation of exploration and development for rhenium[J]. Geology in China, 50(1): 133-145. doi: 10.12029/gc20211019001

铼矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42102087),中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M712966)和青藏高原大宗矿产数据库建设(2021QZKK0304)联合资助
详细信息
    作者简介: 伍月, 女, 1985年生, 高级工程师, 主要从事岩矿测试及固体矿产调查与研究; E-mail: wuyuemay005@163.com
    通讯作者: 鞠楠, 男, 1986年生, 高级工程师, 主要从事固体矿产调查与研究; E-mail: junan-cgs@qq.com
  • 中图分类号: P617

The distribution features, main types and present situation of exploration and development for rhenium

  • Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42102087), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2022M712966) and construction of bulk mineral database on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (No.2021QZKK0304)
More Information
    Author Bio: WU Yue, female, born in 1985, senior engineer, engaged in rock and mineral testing, solid mineral survey and research; E-mail: wuyuemay005@163.com .
    Corresponding author: JU Nan, male, born in 1986, senior engineer, engaged in solid mineral survey and research; E-mail: junan-cgs@qq.com
  • 研究目的

    全球铼资源分布不均衡,智利占全球铼资源总量的半数以上,其中主要来自于斑岩铜矿床。铼的矿床类型与其赋存状态密切相关,由于铼矿多数与其他矿种伴生,导致铼的矿床类型划分尚未形成统一标准,无法为找矿勘查提供依据,因此急需开展相关研究。

    研究方法

    本文从全球铼矿赋存状态、矿床成因、矿石类型等方面入手,系统梳理和总结已有典型铼矿的富集成矿规律及矿床类型,以期为该类型矿床的勘探开发提供思路。

    研究结果

    本文将铼矿床划分为4种类型,即斑岩型铜矿中的铼、沉积层控型铜矿中的铼、砂岩型铀矿中的铼以及矽卡岩型矿床中的铼,其中,以斑岩矿床的铼品位最高、储量最大。铼成矿作用以燕山期最为发育,次为喜马拉雅期、印支期、加里东期,其中,大型伴生铼矿主要发育在加里东期、印支期、燕山期和喜马拉雅期。铼矿勘探方面,已探明铼矿储量的半数以上来自智利,其余主要国家依次为美国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和亚美尼亚。铼矿开发方面,铼矿很可能存在于大陆弧环境下形成的斑岩型铜矿床,各国开始从斑岩铜矿床中回收铼。

    结论

    铼矿作为新兴资源,在未来节能减排、碳中和实施方面发挥积极作用,应加强独立铼矿床的勘查以及铜钼铼伴生矿床的成因机制研究,重视老矿山的二次开发利用。

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  • 图 1  全球主要铼矿床分布图(据张艳飞等, 2022修改)

    Figure 1. 

    图 2  世界主要含铼矿床的铼品位与矿床吨位图(据John and Taylor, 2016修改)

    Figure 2. 

    图 3  宾厄姆的斑岩铜钼金矿(据Landtwing et al., 2010; Seo et al., 2012修改)

    Figure 3. 

    图 4  哈萨克斯坦的砂岩层控型铜矿床(据Box et al., 2013修改)

    Figure 4. 

    图 5  还原相(Kupferschiefer)层控型铜矿床❿(据Oszczepalski, 1999修改)

    Figure 5. 

    图 6  哈萨克斯坦楚-萨里苏盆地的Moynkum-Tortkudu地区中的前卷型砂岩铀矿(据Dahlkamp, 2009修改)

    Figure 6. 

    表 1  主要含铼矿床特征(据U.S. Geological Survey, 2014

    Table 1.  The characteristics of main rhenium-bearing deposits(after U.S. Geological Survey, 2014)

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出版历程
收稿日期:  2021-10-19
修回日期:  2021-12-26
刊出日期:  2023-02-25

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