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摘要:
研究目的 在全球能源转型的背景下，世界对镍的需求快速增长，价格持续上升。寻找更多的镍矿资源，满足经济发展，是当前地质界的重要任务。
研究方法 本文总结了镍矿成因类型、成矿时代、成矿特征及成矿背景，梳理全球镍资源储量和矿山产量，分析镍金属供应现状和消费趋势，提供了寻找新的镍矿床的背景知识（材料）。
研究结果 全球具有经济意义的镍矿可分为岩浆型和风化壳型，前者主要分布在加拿大、澳大利亚、俄罗斯、中国等，后者主要分布在印度尼西亚、新喀里多尼亚、巴西和菲律宾等。
结论 为缓解世界镍资源供求矛盾，应该做好全球镍资源的配置，加强镍矿有效供给，加大勘查力度，提高资源利用效率，构建循环利用体系。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective In the context of the global energy transition, the demand for nickel is growing rapidly and the price continues to rise. Finding more nickel metal resources to satisfy economic development is an important task of the current geological community.
Methods The study summarized the genetic type, metallogenic age, metallogenic characteristics and geological background of nickel deposits, sorted out the global nickel reserves and mine production, and estimated the supply current situation and consumption trend of nickel metal, with the aim to provide background knowledge (information) for the search of new nickel deposits.
Results The economically significant nickel deposits in the world include magmatic and weathered crust types. The magmatic type nickel deposit is mainly distributed in Canada, Australia, Russia and China, and the weathered crust type nickel deposit is mainly distributed in Indonesia, New Caledonia, Brazil and Philippines.
Conclusions In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of nickel resources, we should achieve in the allocation of global nickel resources, strengthen the effective supply, increase exploration efforts, improve resource utilization efficiency, and build a recycling system.
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图 1 典型岩浆型镍矿成矿模式图（a）（据汤中立和李文渊, 1991）和风化壳型镍矿垂直分带剖面示意图（b）（据陈浩琉等, 1993）
Figure 1.
图 2 全球主要镍矿分布简图（据Hoatson et al., 2006; 王岩等, 2020）
Figure 2.
表 1 全球主要国家镍矿资源储量（万t）（据USGS, 2011—2020❶）
Table 1. Nickel mineral resource reserves(ten thousand tons)of major countries in the world (after USGS, 2011—2020❶)
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表 2 全球主要国家镍矿山产量（万t）（据USGS, 2011—2020❶）
Table 2. Productions(ten thousousand tons)of nickel mines in major countries in the world (after USGS, 2011—2020❶)
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表 3 全球主要镍矿项目储量
Table 3. Reserves(ten thousousand tons)of major nickel projects in the world
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