Discussion on the ore−forming fluids, materials sources and genesis of Erdaohe Pb−Zn−Ag deposit, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
研究目的 二道河铅锌银矿位于大兴安岭中段，是近年来发现的具有代表性的大型矽卡岩型矿床，通过对该矿床成因的研究将有助于指导大兴安岭中段多金属矿床的勘查工作。
研究方法 本文在野外地质调查的基础上，选取各成矿阶段热液石英进行流体包裹体研究，并结合矿石S、Pb同位素与方解石C、O同位素，探讨该矿床成矿流体及物质来源。
研究结果 二道河矿床先后经历了矽卡岩阶段、石英硫化物阶段、石英碳酸盐阶段。测温结果显示，热液石英中的包裹体以气液两相为主，矽卡岩阶段石英中包裹体均一温度为310~435℃，盐度为11.7%~0.71% NaCleqv；石英−硫化物阶段石英中包裹体均一温度为195~310℃，盐度为12.9%~0.35% NaCleqv；石英−碳酸盐阶段石英中包裹体均一温度为148~195℃，盐度为4.18%~0.35% NaCleqv。方解石C、O同位素显示矿床经历了水岩反应，并有大气降水的加入。矿石硫同位素δ34S为5.4‰~10.0‰，来源于岩浆与地层的混合硫；铅同位素特征参数表明，铅的来源与造山相关的岩浆作用有关，以上地壳铅为主并混合了少量的深源铅。
结论 综上所述，二道河铅锌银矿的成矿流体与物质来源应与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合造山后伸展导致的大规模岩浆作用有关。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The Erdaohe silver−lead−zinc deposit is located in the middle section of the Greater Khingan Range. It is a representative large−scale skarn−type deposit discovered in recent years. Studying the origin of this deposit will help guide the exploration of polymetallic deposits in the middle section of the Greater Khingan Range.
Methods On the basis of field geological survey, this paper made research on the fluid inclusion in the keatite selected at each stage of mineralization, and discussed the ore−forming fluid and material sources in combination with the S and Pb isotopes of ore and the C and O isotopes of calcite.
Results The research result showed the formation of the deposit throughout the process from the skarn stage to the quarte−sulfide stage and to the quartz carbonate stage. According to the temperature measurement result, the inclusion in keatite was mainly characterized by gas−liquid phase, with the homogenization temperature of 310–435℃ at the skarn stage, 195–310℃ at the quarte−sulfide stage and 148–195℃ at the quartz carbonate stage, and the salinity of 11.7%–0.71% NaCleqv at the skarn stage, 12.9%–0.35% NaCleqv at the quartz−sulfide stage and 4.18%–0.35% NaCleqv at the quartz−carbonate stage. The C and O isotopes of calcite indicated a water−rock reaction of the deposit, in which atmospheric precipitation was found. The δ34S value of the S isotope of ore was 5.4‰–10.0‰ from a mixture of sulfurs in magma and strata; as per the characteristic parameter of lead isotope, the source of lead was associated with the orogeny−related magmatism, where the lead was mostly from the upper crust, and slightly from the deep source.
Conclusions Accordingly, the ore−forming fluid and material sources were considered the products of the large−scale magmatism caused by the extension after the closure of Mongolia−Okhotsk for orogeny.
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图 7 二道河铅锌银多金属矿床方解石的C、O同位素值分布（改自刘家军等, 2004）
Figure 7.
图 8 二道河铅锌银矿石铅同位素组成（据Zartman and Doe, 1981）
Figure 8.
图 9 铅同位素Δβ−Δγ分类（据朱炳泉等, 1998）
Figure 9.
图 10 铅同位素构造环境判别（据朱炳泉等, 1998）
Figure 10.
表 1 二道河铅锌银矿热液矿物生成顺序
Table 1. Paragenetic sequence of hydrothermal minerals in the Erdaohe Pb−Zn−Ag polymetallic deposit
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表 2 二道河铅锌银矿流体包裹体测温结果
Table 2. Results of microthermometric measurements of fluid inclusions in the Erdaohe Pb−Zn−Ag polymetallic deposit
成矿温度 成矿阶段 测试矿物 大小/μm 气相比/% 冰点/℃ 盐度/% NaCleqv 均一温度/℃ 高温 矽卡岩阶段 Qtz、Fl、Cal 3~18 20~40 −1.1 11.7~0.71 310~435 中温 石英−硫化物阶段 Qtz、Fl、Cal 5~22 15~30 −0.2 12.9~0.35 195~310 低温 石英−碳酸盐阶段 Qtz、Cal 3~35 10~15 −0.5 4.18~0.35 148~195
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表 3 二道河铅锌银矿样品碳、氧同位素组成
Table 3. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of calcite in the Erdaohe Pb−Zn−Ag polymetallic deposit
样品编号 矿物 δ13CV-PDB/‰ δ18OV-PDB/‰ δ18OV-SMOW/‰ T/K $\delta^{18} \mathrm{O}_{{\mathrm{H}}_2 \mathrm{O} }$ /‰ED405-253 方解石 −8.5 −31.7 −1.7 439 −0.8 ED103-46.4 方解石 −4.1 −22.7 −7.5 439 −6.5 ED102-152 方解石 −3.8 −38.4 −8.7 439 −7.7 ED701-119 方解石 −2.4 −36.6 −6.8 439 −5.9
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表 4 二道河矿区硫同位素组成
Table 4. Sulfer isotope composition of the Erdaohe deposit
样号 测试矿物 δ34SV-CDT/‰ ED403-195 黄铁矿 8.8 ED104-268 黄铁矿 9.3 ED701-9 黄铁矿 7.7 ED701-47 黄铁矿 8.5 ED701-39 黄铁矿 8 ED705-50 黄铁矿 9.2 ED104-30 黄铁矿 10 ED701-9 闪锌矿 7.5 ED701-47 闪锌矿 7.3 ED102-47 闪锌矿 7.7 ED102-59 闪锌矿 7.4 ED102-109 闪锌矿 8.1 ED705-50 闪锌矿 9 ED103-36 方铅矿 5.5 ED701-47 方铅矿 6.1 ED701-39 方铅矿 5.7 ED102-59 方铅矿 5.9 ED102-76 方铅矿 5.4 ED707-167 方铅矿 6.5
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表 5 二道河铅锌银矿石铅同位素组成及参数
Table 5. Lead isotope parameters of the Erdaohe Pb−Zn−Ag ores
样品号 样品名称 206Pb/204Pb 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204Pb μ ω Th/U △α △β △γ ED102-47 方铅矿 18.417 15.640 38.480 9.540 37.030 3.760 77.360 20.850 36.110 ED701-9 方铅矿 18.420 15.635 38.460 9.530 36.880 3.750 76.880 20.490 35.210 ED701-18 方铅矿 18.424 15.646 38.498 9.550 37.120 3.760 77.950 21.250 36.700 ED705-30 方铅矿 18.398 15.628 38.436 9.520 36.840 3.750 76.170 20.060 34.880 ED705-50 方铅矿 18.518 15.764 38.894 9.780 39.360 3.890 89.480 29.320 50.720 ED701-18 闪锌矿 18.481 15.697 38.837 9.650 38.680 3.880 82.970 24.680 46.770 ED705-30 闪锌矿 18.461 15.652 38.731 9.560 37.930 3.840 78.600 21.560 42.120 ED705-169 闪锌矿 18.414 15.620 38.407 9.500 36.560 3.720 75.410 19.440 33.160 ED102-47 黄铁矿 18.462 15.677 38.768 9.610 38.310 3.860 81.010 23.320 44.440 ED102-136 黄铁矿 18.507 15.720 38.909 9.690 39.060 3.900 85.240 26.230 49.130 ED701-18 黄铁矿 18.472 15.696 38.658 9.650 37.980 3.810 82.860 24.640 42.180 ED701-98 黄铁矿 18.449 15.667 38.735 9.590 38.160 3.850 80.030 22.660 43.420 ED705-30 黄铁矿 18.492 15.732 38.865 9.710 39.080 3.900 86.360 27.130 49.050 ED705-169 黄铁矿 18.480 15.675 38.759 9.600 38.160 3.850 80.850 23.120 43.520
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