Constraints on metallogenic age from cryptoexplosive breccia in Naruo Cu(Au) deposit, Xizang
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摘要:
研究目的 拿若矿床是多龙矿集区4个超大型矿床之一，由斑岩型和角砾岩型矿体组成。斑岩型矿体研究资料丰富，角砾岩矿体研究程度较浅，隐爆作用与成矿作用的时代关系还缺乏详细的研究。隐爆角砾岩整体呈筒状产出，角砾成分为长石石英砂岩和花岗闪长斑岩，胶结物成分主要为岩粉。
研究方法 本次研究旨在通过年代学证据探讨隐爆角砾岩形成与成矿的时代关系。
研究结果 锆石矿物学显示花岗闪长斑岩（NR1）锆石边部发生溶蚀边，震荡环带减弱，未彻底重结晶；胶结物（NR2）锆石结晶较好，震荡环带清晰。两种样品的锆石微量元素特征显示，两期岩浆源区均为陆壳环境；稀土配分曲线均较陡，富集重稀土，亏损轻稀土；具有显著的正Ce异常和负Eu异常。LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Pb定年结果显示，花岗闪长斑岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为117.3~125.4 Ma，加权平均年龄为（120.8±1.4）Ma，成岩时间在120.8 Ma左右；胶结物的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为113.5~119.9 Ma，加权平均年龄为（116.4±1.2）Ma，隐爆时代在116.4 Ma左右。
结论 拿若矿床共发生两期成岩作用，分别为~120 Ma和~117 Ma。拿若矿床成矿作用发生在116~117 Ma，而非~120 Ma。根据年代学证据认为，成矿作用和隐爆作用受同期岩浆作用控制，隐爆作用在前而成矿作用在后，岩浆演化在时间和空间上存在差异。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The Naruo deposit is one of four super large deposits in Duolong ore district. It is composed of porphyry and breccia type orebodies. Previous researches have focused on porphyry orebody, while the research on cryptoexplosive breccia ore bodies is relatively weak. The temporal relationship between cryptic explosion processes and mineralization remains inadequately studied. The cryptoexplosive breccia is generally produced in a cylindrical shape, with the breccia composed of feldspar quartz sandstone and granodiorite porphyry, and the cement mainly composed of rock powder.
Methods This study is to explore the age relationship between the formation and mineralization of cryptoexplosive breccia through chronological evidence.
Results Zircon mineralogy shows that the zircon edge of the granite diorite porphyry (NR1) is characterized by dissolution, weak oscillation zone, and incomplete recrystallization. Zircons in cement (NR1) is characterized by fine crystalline form, clear oscillatory zone. The trace element characteristics of these two types of zircons show that the source of two stages of magma is continental crust. The rare earth distribution curves are relatively steep, with enrichment of heavy rare earth elements, loss of light rare earth elements, significant positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies. LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb dating results show that the zircon 206Pb/238U age of granite diorite porphyry is between 117.3 Ma and 125.4 Ma, with weighted average age of (120.8±1.4) Ma, indicating the diagenetic age of 120.8 Ma. The zircon 206Pb / 238U age of cement is between 113.5 Ma and 119.9 Ma, with weighted average age of (116.4±1.2) Ma, indicating the cryptoexplosive age of 116.4 Ma.
Conclusions The results in this study show two stages of diagenesis in Naruo deposit, ~120 Ma and ~117 Ma, respectively. Mineralization occurred between 116 Ma and 117 Ma, rather than ~120 Ma. The chronological data shows that the mineralization and cryptoexplosion are controlled by contemporaneous magmatism, with cryptoexplosion occurring first and mineralization occurring later, and there are differences in the time and space of magma evolution.
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图 1 多龙矿集区地质图（据杨超等, 2014; Xu et al., 2015）
Figure 1.
图 9 锆石Y−U/Yb图解(a)和Yb−U图解(b)（底图据Grimes et al., 2007）
Figure 9.
表 1 拿若隐爆角砾岩锆石稀土元素分析结果（10−6）
Table 1. Rare earth elements in zircons of cryptoexplosive breccias in the Naruo deposit (10−6)
测点 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ΣREE LREE/
HREEδEu δCe 样号NR1 1-1 0.024 51.84 0.143 1.48 4.18 2.21 33.6 13.04 158.4 75.3 378.4 102.6 1130 291.2 2242.4 0.03 0.40 105.5 1-2 0.024 24.85 0.064 1.1 2.61 1.15 18.4 6.1 82.4 36.6 186.8 50.5 554 142.4 1107.0 0.03 0.37 104.8 1-3 0.01 34.05 0.016 0.41 2.03 1.05 19.8 8.68 119.7 56.1 292.4 81.8 884 225.8 1725.9 0.02 0.33 528.3 1-4 0.01 24.86 0.033 0.38 3.00 1.13 12.3 5.84 75.1 34.3 172.8 47.6 517 133.3 1027.7 0.03 0.49 208.6 1-5 0.025 35.57 0.228 3.44 9.67 2.62 48.4 18.16 227.3 96.8 442.4 109.5 1064 249.0 2307.1 0.02 0.30 46.4 1-6 0.01 32.62 0.103 2.07 4.33 2.04 29.4 10.83 142.2 65.1 310.6 84.8 874 215.1 1773.2 0.02 0.41 94.6 1-7 0.267 28.97 0.224 2.19 3.59 1.28 19.8 7.99 90.9 42.1 213.9 60.3 643 166.4 1280.9 0.03 0.37 27.2 1-8 0.024 42.69 0.08 2.01 5.92 1.61 32.1 12.84 171.7 83.1 413.6 112.3 1150 290.8 2318.8 0.02 0.28 147.9 1-9 0.026 57.34 0.172 2.74 8.69 4.49 53.8 22.07 283.5 130.5 640.7 170.5 1713 411.6 3499.1 0.02 0.49 97.6 1-10 0.128 36.63 0.067 1.25 6.11 2.54 28.6 12.68 144.5 69.3 351.4 97.1 1016 263.7 2030.0 0.02 0.49 96.1 1-11 0.025 47 0.066 2.24 5.84 2.35 33.7 12.31 151.9 71 337.3 91.7 971 242.3 1968.7 0.03 0.40 191.9 1-12 0.109 37.65 0.267 3.33 7.75 3.22 45.9 15.84 206.7 90.4 442 114.8 1177 286.6 2431.6 0.02 0.41 37.6 1-14 0.01 34.28 0.049 2.24 4.5 1.41 28.9 10.13 137.5 64 316.6 87.1 938 239.8 1864.5 0.02 0.29 200.8 1-15 0.556 32.17 0.4 2.59 5.43 1.91 35.4 15.01 176.6 80.8 402.7 112.4 1167 285.4 2318.4 0.02 0.32 16.0 1-16 0.05 49.33 0.05 1.41 3.92 1.89 26.6 11.21 141.6 69.4 348.8 96.4 1059 266.6 2076.3 0.03 0.42 218.7 1-17 0.01 50.6 0.12 1.76 4.7 1.56 25.5 11.38 150 70.1 343.5 91.7 977 241.1 1969.0 0.03 0.35 126.7 1-18 0.01 21.37 0.011 1.87 3.01 1.14 13.1 4.64 61.4 28.8 156.6 44.4 498 130.7 965.1 0.03 0.47 442.1 1-19 0.01 32.48 0.01 1.27 2.67 0.82 14.8 5.52 70.9 32.4 164.9 46.1 517 135.6 1024.5 0.04 0.32 719.8 1-20 0.01 26.1 0.072 1.14 1.54 0.77 11.6 4.82 59.8 28.4 140.7 40 436 113 864.0 0.04 0.40 106.6 样号NR2 2-1 0.087 72.24 0.117 5.67 9.81 4.18 62.4 23.44 268.6 125.5 603.7 165.3 1725 432.4 3498.4 0.03 0.39 147.7 2-2 0.010 187.11 0.059 3.53 11.75 4.72 70.3 28.72 335.2 148.5 708.1 180.2 1845 439.3 3962.5 0.06 0.39 921.94 2-3 0.010 40.77 0.161 3.84 6.47 2.97 36.9 13.07 163 70.3 325.5 86.6 878 212.7 1840.3 0.03 0.46 76.7 2-4 0.046 44.14 0.2 2.6 7.78 2.35 35.9 13.56 174 76.5 379 99.6 1014 255.7 2105.4 0.03 0.36 62.7 2-5 0.010 47.69 0.143 1.87 3.02 1.52 22.3 8.12 107 51 265.7 77.1 869 229.8 1684.3 0.03 0.41 100.7 2-6 0.026 28.11 0.086 1.86 3.44 0.78 15.6 5.96 78.4 37 191.6 53.6 582 151.9 1150.4 0.03 0.27 90.5 2-7 0.065 61.36 0.144 4.17 9.04 3.74 49.5 18.51 212.7 96.9 459.4 118.3 1252 301.9 2587.7 0.03 0.43 112.0 2-8 0.042 48.95 0.194 3.13 6.15 3.34 39 14.06 179.5 81.5 388.4 109.7 1161 295.3 2330.3 0.03 0.50 72.1 2-9 0.010 44.62 0.132 1.59 4.59 2.06 26.4 10.06 133.6 63.9 327.7 91.6 968 248.2 1922.5 0.03 0.45 101.9 2-10 0.010 42.56 0.057 1.05 3.8 1.93 28 10.8 132.4 61.8 293 79.6 863 214.0 1732.0 0.03 0.41 216.6 2-11 0.010 29.99 0.1 2.45 4.24 2.33 21.1 7.9 97.3 43.5 212.8 59.6 643 172.1 1296.4 0.03 0.62 89.5 2-12 0.010 35.24 0.145 1.16 4.15 1.93 23.6 8.86 105.1 48.2 246.2 68.9 725 187.1 1455.6 0.03 0.47 73.4 2-13 0.010 30.26 0.071 2.99 5.62 2.17 25.2 8.49 107.7 48 232.6 64.9 702 179.6 1409.6 0.03 0.47 125.3 2-14 0.022 25.79 0.059 0.89 1.83 1.63 16.1 6.54 80.8 36 174.3 48.7 518 132.1 1042.8 0.03 0.62 118.06 2-15 0.023 48.39 0.035 1.06 3.45 1.29 18.5 7.57 101.1 48.2 243.4 71.4 800 216.6 1561.0 0.04 0.40 339.7 2-16 0.010 47.74 0.099 0.8 2.02 1.14 20.5 7.55 95.5 46.5 237.6 66.9 716 180.5 1422.9 0.04 0.35 143.9 
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表 2 拿若矿床隐爆角砾岩（NR1）及角砾岩筒胶结物（NR2）LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Pb年龄分析结果
Table 2. LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb results of cryptoexplosive breccias (NR1) and cement (NR2) in the Naruo deposit
测点 元素含量/10−6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 隐爆角砾岩NR1 1-1 26.07 399.2 622 0.64 0.04939 0.0042 0.12935 0.01007 0.01925 0.00033 122.9 2.1 1-2 11.21 160.46 254.46 0.63 0.06806 0.00669 0.17787 0.01642 0.01922 0.00051 122.7 3.2 1-3 22.23 272.67 697.52 0.39 0.0576 0.00516 0.14717 0.01187 0.01906 0.00037 121.7 2.3 1-4 11.04 164.65 284.41 0.58 0.06571 0.00711 0.15816 0.01506 0.01873 0.00054 119.6 3.4 1-5 15.23 234.5 310.09 0.76 0.05332 0.00631 0.12856 0.01396 0.01881 0.00044 120.1 2.8 1-6 19.2 344.41 394.8 0.87 0.05077 0.00453 0.12611 0.00956 0.01872 0.00045 119.5 2.8 1-7 13.73 201.83 295.16 0.68 0.05053 0.00641 0.12944 0.01579 0.01964 0.00054 125.4 3.4 1-8 24.52 357.57 637.32 0.56 0.05658 0.00406 0.13896 0.0084 0.01865 0.00033 119.1 2.1 1-9 23.01 366.7 533.77 0.69 0.05372 0.00454 0.13892 0.01033 0.01941 0.00038 123.9 2.4 1-10 20.42 316.27 472.98 0.67 0.06855 0.00835 0.16893 0.01872 0.01893 0.00043 120.9 2.7 1-11 33.14 523.19 721.77 0.72 0.05053 0.00446 0.13886 0.01326 0.01961 0.00033 125.2 2.1 1-12 23.72 401.2 510.82 0.79 0.05559 0.00463 0.13491 0.00989 0.01864 0.0004 119.1 2.5 1-14 17.06 262.92 437.62 0.6 0.05063 0.00466 0.12795 0.01037 0.01885 0.00038 120.4 2.4 1-15 37.24 481.77 1185.09 0.41 0.05166 0.00335 0.12978 0.00772 0.01908 0.00046 121.8 2.9 1-16 29.21 391.31 706.28 0.55 0.05677 0.00399 0.14534 0.00937 0.01904 0.00037 121.6 2.4 1-17 25.21 451.07 629.89 0.72 0.04563 0.00331 0.11412 0.00817 0.01836 0.00032 117.3 2.0 1-18 10.21 161.46 273.24 0.59 0.05522 0.0075 0.12671 0.01543 0.01854 0.00056 118.4 3.6 1-19 16.98 252.62 395.92 0.64 0.05083 0.00461 0.1271 0.01037 0.01862 0.00043 118.9 2.7 1-20 14.4 200.15 450.58 0.44 0.05345 0.00526 0.1292 0.01045 0.01854 0.00042 118.4 2.7 隐爆角砾岩筒胶结物NR2 2-1 73.74 1207.5 1641.04 0.74 0.05081 0.00229 0.12903 0.00585 0.01842 0.00024 117.7 1.5 2-2 94.86 1831.29 1795.75 1.02 0.05199 0.00327 0.13176 0.0077 0.01878 0.00032 119.9 2.0 2-3 21.68 407.41 496.89 0.82 0.05148 0.00416 0.12745 0.00939 0.01818 0.00035 116.2 2.2 2-4 29.11 414.03 746.12 0.55 0.04842 0.00362 0.11945 0.00811 0.01818 0.00029 116.2 1.8 2-6 22.87 361.94 604.7 0.6 0.04182 0.00336 0.10716 0.00835 0.01846 0.00034 117.9 2.1 2-8 11.76 200.02 303.54 0.66 0.05184 0.00574 0.12354 0.01383 0.01787 0.00042 114.2 2.7 2-9 39.01 699.45 817.3 0.86 0.05257 0.00435 0.12684 0.00977 0.01776 0.00035 113.5 2.2 2-10 46.28 676.23 1144.45 0.59 0.05025 0.00295 0.1261 0.00708 0.01823 0.00025 116.5 1.6 2-11 21.76 348.72 527.47 0.66 0.05072 0.00439 0.12398 0.00982 0.01809 0.00034 115.6 2.2 2-12 27.05 449.69 618.25 0.73 0.04926 0.00385 0.12379 0.00991 0.01814 0.0003 115.9 1.9 2-13 16.92 274.22 396.09 0.69 0.06038 0.00565 0.1448 0.01261 0.01822 0.00041 116.4 2.6 2-15 22.4 318.42 514.49 0.62 0.04954 0.0051 0.11959 0.0111 0.0183 0.00039 116.9 2.5 2-17 16.23 286.79 400.27 0.72 0.05096 0.0041 0.12349 0.0077 0.01836 0.00038 117.3 2.4 2-18 12.56 192.82 275.69 0.7 0.05617 0.00588 0.13122 0.01193 0.01817 0.00046 116.1 2.9 2-19 23.64 389.81 637.93 0.61 0.05157 0.00373 0.12847 0.00927 0.01806 0.00029 115.4 1.9 2-20 22.81 377.85 591.07 0.64 0.0495 0.00344 0.12062 0.00758 0.01815 0.00034 116 2.1
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