Gold-copper metallogenic characteristics and prospecting potentiality in the Central Tianshan region, Uzbekistan
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摘要:
研究目的 乌兹别克斯坦境内中天山成矿带是该国东部最重要的铜金等关键矿产原料基地，研究典型矿床成矿特征与区域成矿规律，对找矿勘查和中资矿企投资选区具有重要现实意义。
研究方法 本文系统收集、整理了区内铜金铀锂等关键矿产分布、典型矿床成矿特征，剖析了铜、金、三稀等金属元素区域地球化学异常特征。
研究结果 铜矿床类型为斑岩型，具有共生金、伴生铂族、稀土稀散元素特征，成矿时代为晚石炭世。金矿床类型以浅成低温热液型为主，斑岩型次之，浅成低温热液型金矿成矿时代出现在早二叠世，斑岩型金矿大多集中于晚石炭世。局部产有火山沉积型锂矿、火山岩型铀矿和矽卡岩型铁矿等关键矿产。
结论 1∶100万地球化学调查研究成果表明，在安格连、阿尔马雷克矿集区外围仍发育较明显的金铜银等地球化学矿致异常以及显著的“三稀元素”地球化学异常。综合区域成矿地质条件、已知矿集区地球化学特征以及区域地球化学异常分布特征分析认为中天山传统矿集区外围金铜银等传统优势矿产找矿潜力巨大，该地区同样也是“三稀矿产”的有利找矿远景区，重要异常区可作为中资矿企投资的潜在选区。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The Middle Tianshan metallogenic belt is a crucial supplier of copper, gold, and other key minerals in eastern Uzbekistan. Analyzing the metallogenic characteristics of typical mineral deposits and the regional minerogenetic regularities is of great practical significance for prospecting and investment of Chinese mining enterprises.
Methods This paper systematically collects and sorts out the distribution of key minerals such as copper, gold, uranium and lithium, as well as analyses of the characteristic metallogeny of typical deposits and the regional geochemical anomaly properties related to copper, gold, rare earth, and dispersed elements.
Results The copper deposit is of the porphyry type and is characterized by having symbiotic gold, associated platinum group and rare earth elements. Its metallogenic epoch is during the Late Carboniferous period. The main type of gold deposits is epithermal type, followed by porphyry. The epithermal type gold deposits occurred during the early Permian, while porphyry type gold deposits are mostly concentrated in the late Carboniferous. Some key minerals, such as lithium (volcanic sedimentary type), uranium (volcanic type), and iron (skarn type) are locally produced.
Conclusions The results of 1:1 million geochemical investigation indicate the continues presence of significant geochemical anomalies caused by gold, copper and silver mineralization, as well as evident geochemical anomalies of rare earth and dispersed elements on the periphery of the Angren and Almalyk ore concentration regions. Based on the analysis of regional metallogenic conditions, geochemical characteristics of known ore concentration areas and distribution characteristics of regional geochemical anomalies, it is considered that there is significant potential for prospecting traditional superiority resources like gold, copper and silver around the ore concentration areas in the Middle Tianshan Mountains. This region also holds a favorable potential for mineral resource exploration of rare earth and dispersed elements. Additionally, the areas with significant anomalies represent potential prospecting areas for Chinese mining enterprises to invest.
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图 1 境外天山地质构造简图及主要矿床分布（修改自Konopelko et al., 2011; Soloviev and Kryazhev, 2018）
Figure 1.
图 2 中天山火成岩建造分布图（修改自Dolgopolova et al., 2017）
Figure 2.
表 1 乌兹别克斯坦中天山金属矿产特征一览
Table 1. Main characteristics of metal minerals in the Middle Tianshan, Uzbekistan
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