Evolution and trending prediction of the Chinese mainland coasts since 20 ka BP: Implication for ecological protection and restoration
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摘要:
研究目的 为支撑海岸带生态保护修复，提出科学修复方案，需要掌握中国海岸自然演替总体规律和趋势。
研究方法 本文在系统梳理总结中国海岸演化相关成果的基础上，采用钻孔综合研究、遥感解译和ArcGIS空间分析等手段，定量重建了末次盛冰期以来的海岸演化过程。
研究结果 结果显示，近200多万年以来海水频繁进出中国海岸带地区，其中最后一次大规模海退-海侵发生在近20 ka以来，当时，中国海岸整体经历了末次盛冰期—中全新世早期的海侵、中全新世早期—1850年的海退、~1850年以来的海侵3个阶段。
结论 基于现有器测资料分析显示，中国乃至世界海岸未来将面临海面上升加快、海岸侵蚀加剧、风暴潮威胁增大的自然过程，这些将是海岸带生态保护修复面临的核心问题。有鉴于此，针对海岸带生态保护修复建议如下：一是顺应砂质岸线整体侵蚀的自然规律，将具有重要生态和/或经济价值的岸段作为修复重点，避免大规模过度修复。二是针对海面上升和海岸侵蚀对红树林生态空间的挤压，确定科学可行的修复目标。三是加强泥质沿海低地地区的生态化海堤建设。
Abstract:This paper is the result of environmental geolgical survey engineering.
Objective In order to support and provide a scientific plan for coastal ecological protection and restoration, it is necessary to figure out the laws and trend of natural coastal evolution processes.
Methods Based on systematic collection and summarization of achievements on the evolution of the mainland coasts of China, combined with drilling cores comprehensive research, remote sensing interpreting and ArcGIS spatial analysis, the coastal history since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was quantitatively reconstructed.
Results The results showed that seawater frequently entered and exited the coastal areas since 2 million years ago. The last large- scale transgression- regression occurred in the past 20 ka, which can be divided into three phases: the coasts experienced the LGM-early mid-Holocene transgression, the Early mid-Holocene-1850 CE regression, and a new transgression again since ca. 1850 CE.
Conclusions According to the analyzed results of the existing instrumental data, the coasts of the Chinese mainland and the world will face accelerating sea-level rise, increasing coastal erosion, and increasing storm surge threats in the future, which will be a key issue of ecological protection and restoration. In view of this, the following suggestions are put forward for the ecological protection and restoration of the coastal zone: First, for sandy coasts, while following the overall natural erosion background, the appropriate restoration strategies should be applied to the shore section with important ecological and economic values, and to avoid large-scale over-repair; The second is to determine scientifically feasible restoration targets in view of the squeezing of the mangrove ecological space caused by sea level rise and coastal erosion; The third is to strengthen the construction of ecological seawalls in the muddy coastal lowland areas.
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图 1 中国沿海构造格架简图（构造分区据李国玉和吕明岗，2002）
Figure 1.
图 4 辽东湾全新世海侵最大范围及古岸线位置（据辽宁省地质局水文地质大队, 1983；He et al., 2018）
Figure 4.
图 10 长江三角洲冲淤速率和流域水力要素关系（据杨云平等, 2014）
Figure 10.
图 11 中国沿海近30年海平面变化趋势（据自然资源部，2021）
Figure 11.
表 1 中国东部沿海海侵海退速率（m/a）
Table 1. Transgression and regression rates of Chinese mainland (m/a)
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表 3 入海河流年均径流量、年均输沙量对比
Table 3. Comparison of average annual runoff and sediment transport of rivers entering the sea
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表 4 不同时代黄河三角洲累计径流量、累计输沙量和净造陆面积一览
Table 4. Runoff, sediments transport and net land production in different periods of the Yellow River Delta
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表 5 中国沿海地区第四纪以来海陆演替过程
Table 5. The land-sea changing evolution processes in the Chinese coastal region during Quaternary period
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