Evolution of karst geothermal system and its geothermal resource potential in Taiyuan Basin
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摘要:
研究目的 太原盆地作为优质岩溶热储分布与城市供暖需求匹配良好的地区之一，其岩溶地热系统的形成演化与成因要素的研究对本区地热资源的整体开发以及断陷盆地型地热资源展布规律的认识均具有重要的指导意义。
研究方法 本文在综合前人研究成果与最新54口地热井资料的基础上，分析了太原盆地岩溶地热系统的热源、热储展布和水热动力学特征，并分8个单元评价了地热资源量。
研究结果 结果表明，岩溶热储发育的层位主要为华北板块广泛分布的下古生界奥陶系，经历了早古生代末的表生岩溶、晚古生代的直接盖层沉积、中生代岩溶地热系统初始形成、新近纪的改造与第四纪最终定型等5个阶段。该地热系统的热源来自于新生代裂谷盆地产生的高大地热流（最高达79.12 mW/m2），热传递方式可分为强烈对流型（盆地边缘）和热传导型（盆地内部）截然不同的两类。热储储集性能具纵向分层、平面分带特征。在纵向上识别出15~20层有效储集段，累计厚度160~180 m，可划分为3~4层主力含水段；在平面上有利储集带主要受NE向隐伏构造的控制，且主力含水层在运移过程中易发生“越流”现象。盆地中段的奥陶系热储因埋藏适中（约400~1900 m）、且储层温度较高（30~75℃），是最有利的勘探开发区。依据热储体积法评价出太原盆地岩溶地热系统可利用的静态地热资源量为83.03×108 GJ，折合标煤2.83×108 t。
结论 年开采地热资源量可满足1502万m2的供暖面积。鉴于目前已开发资源仅占可开发的23.3%，开发潜力巨大。
Abstract:This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.
Objective The Taiyuan Basin is one of the areas where its distribution of beneficial Karst geothermal reservoir and demand of urban heating are well matched. The research on the evolution of Karst geothermal system and the characteristics of genetic elements in Taiyuan Basin has a great significance for the overall development of geothermal resources in this area and the understanding of the distribution of geothermal resources in rift basins.
Methods Based on the previous research and the latest data of 54 geothermal wells, we analyze the heat source, geothermal reservoir distribution and hydrothermal dynamic characteristics of karst geothermal system in Taiyuan Basin, and also evaluate the geothermal resources by 8 effective structural units.
Results The results show as flow: (1) The strata of karst thermal reservoir in Taiyuan Basin are mainly developed in the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician, ,which is widely distributed in North China Plate. And the evolution of the karst geothermal reservoir has gone through five stages, i.e. the epigenic karstification at the end of the Early Paleozoic, the direct caprock deposition in the Late Paleozoic, the initial formation of the karst geothermal system during Mesozoic, the transformation during the Neogene and the final setting during the Quaternary. (2)The heat source of the geothermal system comes from the high terrestrial heat flow (up to 79.12mW/m2) generated by the Cenozoic rift basin, and the heat transfer mode can be divided into two different types: the strong convection type at the edge of the basin and the heat conduction type inside the basin. (3) The geothermal reservoir property is in the longitudinal and horizontal zonation. In the vertical direction, 15-20 effective reservoir sections are identified, with a accumulated thickness of 160~180m, which can be divided into 3-4 layers of main water-bearing section; on the plane, the favorable reservoir belt is mainly controlled by NE trending concealed structure, and the main water-bearing layer is easy to generate a "over-flow" phenomenon during the migration process. The Ordovician reservoir in the middle of the basin with moderately buried (about 400~1900 m) and high temperature (30-75℃) charcteristics is the most favorable exploration and development area. (4) According to the geothermal reservoir volume method, the total geothermal resources of the karst geothermal system in Taiyuan Basin are estimated to be 8.303 billion GJ, which is equivalent to 283 million tons of standard coal.
Conclusions The annual exploitation of geothermal resources can meet the heating area of 15.02 million square meters. At present, the developed resources only account for 23.3% of the exploitable resources, the development potential is huge.
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表 1 太原盆地GX-2井测井解释对应表
Table 1. Corresponding tables for log interpretation of GX-2 well in Taiyuan Basin
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表 2 西温庄地热田地热井产液剖面测试结果统计
Table 2. Statistical table of liquid-producing profile test results of geothermal wells in Xiwenzhuang geothermal field
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表 3 太原盆地奥陶系岩溶热储地热资源评价参数取值与计算结果
Table 3. Summary of evaluation parameters and calculation results of geothermal resources for Ordovician in Taiyuan Basin
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