Disaster mechanism and evolution of Nagune Gully landslide-debris flow disaster chain in Minxian County, Gansu Province
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摘要:
研究目的 纳古呢沟位于甘肃省岷县茶埠镇耳阳沟流域，构造上处于临潭—宕昌断裂分支断裂带内，是一条小规模高频泥石流沟。流域内发育的滑坡使得流域产生特殊的滑坡-泥石流灾害链，该灾害链的成灾机制和演化过程是值得深入研究的问题。
研究方法 通过野外调查及遥感解译，结合室内试验等手段，厘清了纳古呢沟灾害发育特征，研究了滑坡-泥石流灾害链的成灾机制，剖析了该小流域内断裂活动下的滑坡-泥石流灾害链演化过程。
研究结果 研究结果表明：纳古呢沟内滑坡-泥石流灾害链表现为泥石流-滑坡-溃决型洪水泥石流往复发展的形式，断裂现今活动导致沟内松散物源及不稳定坡体的发育，奠定了灾害链形成的物质基础，高频短时强降雨或连阴雨激发泥石流多次发生，泥石流侧蚀沟谷坡脚使得坡体失稳形成滑坡，滑坡堵塞沟谷形成堰塞湖，溃坝后形成溃决型洪水泥石流。灾害链的演化过程表现为：泥石流初发冲蚀沟道阶段、坡体变形逐渐接近临界失稳阶段、滑坡体下滑堵塞沟道形成堰塞湖阶段、堰塞湖溃决形成溃决型洪水泥石流阶段、对岸坡脚侵蚀坡体失稳下滑阶段、泥石流-滑坡-溃决型洪水泥石流往复发展阶段。
结论 纳古呢沟内灾害链的形成，是现今断裂活动、短时集中降雨或连阴雨共同作用的结果。纳古呢流域内每年雨季泥石流的多次发生与滑坡的蠕滑变形，导致纳古呢沟泥石流-滑坡-溃决型洪水泥石流灾害链往复进行。
Abstract:This paper is the result of geological hazards survey engineering.
Objective Naguni gully is located in the Eryang watershed in Chabu Town, Minxian County, Gansu Province. Structurally, it is situated within the Lintan-Dangchang fault branch zone. It is a small-scale, high-frequency debris flow gully, and the development of landslides within the watershed results in a unique landslide-debris flow disaster chain. The mechanisms and evolutionary processes of this disaster chain are worthy of in-depth study.
Methods Through field investigations, remote sensing interpretation, and laboratory experiments, the development characteristics of the Nagune gully disaster were clarified. The disaster mechanisms of the landslide-debris flow chain were studied, and the evolutionary process of the landslide-debris flow disaster chain under fault activity within the small watershed was analyzed.
Results The research results indicate that the landslide-debris flow disaster chain in Nagune gully manifests as a cyclic development of debris flows, landslides, and burst flood debris flows. The current fault activity results in the development of loose materials and unstable slopes within the channel, establishing the material basis for the formation of the disaster chain. High-frequency, short-duration heavy rainfall or continuous rainfall triggers multiple occurrences of debris flows. The lateral erosion of the gully foot by debris flows causes slope instability and leads to landslides. The landslides block the gully, forming a barrier lake, and the breach of the barrier lake results in burst flood debris flows. The evolutionary process of the disaster chain includes the initial erosion phase of debris flow, gradual deformation of slopes approaching critical instability, the formation of a blocked gully due to landslide movement, breach of the barrier lake leading to burst flood debris flows, erosion of the opposite slope foot causing further instability and downslope movement, and the cyclic development of debris flows, landslides, and burst flood debris flows.
Conclusions In summary, the formation of the disaster chain in Nagune gully is the result of current fault activity and the combined effects of short-duration, concentrated rainfall or continuous rainfall. The repeated occurrence of debris flows during the rainy season and the creeping deformation of landslides within the Nagune watershed contribute to the cyclic development of the landslide-debris flow-burst flood debris flow disaster chain.
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表 1 纳古呢沟泥石流堆积体颗粒分析及重度计算结果
Table 1. Particle size analysis and gravity calculation of debris flow accumulation in Nagune gully
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表 2 “2012.5.10”茶埠镇日降雨量统计（据凡炳文等，2013）
Table 2. Daily rainfall statistics of Chabu town on 2012.5.10 (after Fan Bingwen et al., 2013)
下载: 导出CSV
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