Present situation and protection restoration suggestions on the natural oyster reefs in China
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摘要:
研究目的 牡蛎礁具有重要生态价值，掌握其现状对于海岸带生态保护修复具有重要意义。
研究方法 本文系统搜集整理中国和世界天然牡蛎礁调查研究成果，针对中国天然牡蛎礁现状、变化历史及存在的主要生态问题进行了论述，在此基础上，结合国内外牡蛎礁生态系统修复实践，提出了中国天然牡蛎礁保护修复建议。
研究结果 结果显示，近一个世纪以来，全球天然牡蛎礁退化了85%，其中亚太地区超过90%的礁体已经消失。中国天然牡蛎礁亦严重退化，目前，已知的天然活牡蛎礁主要分布于河北曹妃甸、天津大神堂、山东滨州港、山东莱州湾、江苏小庙洪、福建深沪湾和金门等地，退化严重区域的牡蛎礁现存面积不足原来的十分之一，造成河口和滨海生态系统的结构与功能严重受损，亟需开展保护修复工作。
结论 国内外牡蛎礁修复实践表明大面积开展牡蛎礁生态系统修复工作可行且意义重大，为充分发挥牡蛎礁的生态系统服务功能，提升海岸带固碳能力，本文提出推进牡蛎礁保护相关立法、系统开展天然活体牡蛎礁调查与研究、试点实施牡蛎礁修复示范项目和建设“中国海岸带牡蛎礁生态走廊”等4项天然牡蛎礁保护修复建议，以期为中国海岸带生态修复提供支撑。
Abstract:This paper is result of marine geological survey engineering.
Objective Oyster reef has important ecological value, and studying its present situation is of great significance for coastal ecological protection and restoration.
Methods This article reviewed the investigation and research data of the natural oyster reefs at home and abroad. In addition, the present situation, historical changes, as well as the major ecological problems of the natural oyster reefs in China were also discussed. On the basis of the results, combined with indigenous and abroad oyster reef ecosystem restoration practices, suggestions on the protection and restoration of the natural oyster reefs in China were put forward.
Results The results show that the global oyster population has declined by 85% over the past century, with more than 90% of reefs in the Asia-Pacific region have already disappeared. The natural oyster reefs in China are also severely degraded, and the known natural living oyster reefs are mainly distributed in Caofeidian, Hebei, Dashentang, Tianjin, Binzhou Port and Laizhou Bay, Shandong, Xiaomiaohong, Jiangsu, Shenhu Bay and Kinmen, Fujian, etc. The existing oyster reefs in severely degraded areas are less than one-tenth of what they were in the past, causing serious damage to the structure and function of the estuary and coastal ecosystems. Therefore, the protection and restoration work is needed urgently.
Conclusions The practices of oyster reef restoration at home and abroad show that it is feasible and quite significant to carry out area restoration of oyster reef ecosystem. In order to make full use of the ecological service function of oyster reefs, provide support for the ecological restoration, and improve the carbon sequestration capacity of coastal zones, this paper proposes four suggestions on protection and restoration, including promoting relevant legislation on oyster reef protection, conducting systematical survey and research on the natural living oyster reefs, pilot to carry out oyster reef restoration demonstration projects, and constructing "China Coastal Oyster Reef Eco-Corridor".
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Key words:
- coast /
- oyster reef /
- marine /
- ecosystem function /
- present situation /
- eco-corridor /
- geological survey engineering
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图 1 全球活牡蛎礁分布现状及生存状况(据Beck et al., 2011)
Figure 1.
图 4 1987年以来美国各海区构建的牡蛎礁体累计面积(据Hernandez et al., 2018)
Figure 4.
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