冀中坳陷高阳地热田水文地球化学特征及其对地热成因的约束

赵子锐; 张薇; 王贵玲; 邢林啸; 张汉雄; 赵佳怡

doi:10.12029/gc20230226002

冀中坳陷高阳地热田水文地球化学特征及其对地热成因的约束

1.
中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 河北石家庄 050061

2.
自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心, 河北石家庄 050061

3.
中国地质大学环境学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目: 中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目（SK202306）与中国地质调查项目（DD20190555）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 赵子锐，男，1996年生，博士生，主要从事地热地质方面的研究；E-mail: 184239608@qq.com

通讯作者: 王贵玲，男，1964年生，研究员，主要从事地热资源评价方面研究；E-mail: guilingw@163.com。

中图分类号: P314

收稿日期: 2023-02-26

修回日期: 2023-07-05

刊出日期: 2025-01-25

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of Gaoyang geothermal field in central Hebei Depression and its constraint on geothermal genesis

1.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, Hebei, China

2.
Technology Innovation Center for Geothermal & Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shijiazhuang 050061, Hebei, China

3.
Faculty of Environment, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei China

Fund Project: Supported by the projects of Basic Research Fees of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (No.SK202306) and China Geological Survey (No.DD20190555).

More Information

Author Bio: ZHAO Zirui, male, born in 1996, Ph.D. candidate, mainly engaged in geothermal geology research; E-mail: 184239608@qq.com .

Corresponding author: WANG Guiling, male, born in 1964, researcher, mainly engaged in geothermal resources evaluation research; E-mail: guilingw@163.com.

Received Date: 26 February 2023

Revised Date: 05 July 2023

Publish Date: 25 January 2025

摘要

摘要: 研究目的
高阳地热田赋存丰富的中低温地热资源，地热流体水文地球化学研究是认识深部地热水循环过程、揭示地热系统成因机制的有效手段。
研究方法
通过对高阳地热田地热水样品的水化学及同位素数据的分析，研究深部地热水的形成与演化过程。
研究结果
碳酸盐岩热储水化学类型为Cl–Na型，砂岩热储水化学类型为HCO₃·Cl–Na和Cl·HCO₃–Na型，地热水中的离子组分主要受盐岩、碳酸盐岩的溶解以及阳离子交替吸附作用控制。地热水接受太行山和燕山山区大气降水补给，补给高程在759.12~1092.33 m。雾迷山组热储温度为102~154℃，热循环深度为2524~4020 m；馆陶组热储温度为61~84℃，热循环深度为1357~2024 m。
结论
高阳地热田雾迷山组热储水样γNa⁺/γCl^–小于馆陶组热储，γSO₄^2–/γCl^–和γCl^–/(γHCO₃^–+CO₃^2–)大于馆陶组热储，说明雾迷山组热储相比于馆陶组热储变质程度更高，封闭性更好，地热水循环速度更缓慢，盐化程度更高。深部热储的热量一部分通过热水沿断裂通道以热对流的方式向上传递，另一部分通过岩石以热传导的方式向上传递，形成对流−传导型地热系统。
- 冀中坳陷 /
- 高阳地热田 /
- 水文地球化学 /
- 氢氧同位素 /
- 热储温度 /
- 地热勘查工程
Abstract:
This paper is the result of geothermal exploration engineering.
Objective
Gaoyang geothermal field rich in low−medium temperature geothermal resources. Hydrogeochemical research of geothermal fluids is an effective method to understand the processes of deep geothermal water circulation and to reveal the genesis mechanism of geothermal systems.
Methods
Through analyzing hydrochemical and isotopic data of geothermal water samples in Gaoyang field, we can explore the formation and development process of deep geothermal water.
Results
The hydrochemical type of carbonate reservoirs is Cl–Na type, and that of sandstones reservoirs is HCO₃·Cl–Na and Cl·HCO₃–Na type. The ionic components in geothermal water are mainly controlled by the dissolution of salt rock and carbonate rock and the alternating adsorption of cations. Geothermal water is recharged from precipitation in the Taihang and Yanshan mountains, The recharge elevation of geothermal water is 759.12−1092.33 m. The geothermal reservoirs temperature of Jxw is 102−154℃, and the depth of thermal cycle is 2524−4020 m; the geothermal reservoirs temperature of Ng is 61−84℃, and the depth of thermal cycle is 1357−2024 m.
Conclusions
In Gaoyang geothermal field, the γNa⁺/γCl^– of samples from the Jxw reservoirs is smaller than that Ng reservoirs, and the γSO₄^2–/γCl^– and γCl^–/(γHCO₃^–+CO₃^2–) are larger than that of the Ng reservoirs. This indicates that Jxw reservoirs has a higher degree of metamorphism, better confinement, slower geothermal water circulation and higher degree of salinization than the Ng reservoirs. The heat from the deep thermal storage is partly transferred upward by thermal convection through hot water along the fault channels, and partly transferred upward by thermal conduction through rocks, forming a convection−conduction type geothermal system.
- Jizhong Depression /
- Gaoyang geothermal field /
- hydrogeochemistry /
- hydrogen−oxygen isotopes /
- geothermal reservoir temperature /
- geothermal exploration engineering

HTML全文

图 1 渤海湾盆地构造单元（a）和冀中坳陷构造单元划分（b）（据刘海剑, 2015修改）

Figure 1.

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图 2 高阳低凸起及邻区地层综合柱状图（据单帅强, 2022修改）

Figure 2.

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图 3 研究区前新生代地质图及采样位置（据滕飞，2018²修改）

Figure 3.

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图 4 高阳地热田水样Piper三线图

Figure 4.

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图 5 高阳地热田水样Schoeller图

Figure 5.

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图 6 高阳地热田微量元素与Cl^–含量关系

Figure 6.

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图 7 高阳地热田水样离子比值关系图

Figure 7.

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图 8 高阳地热田水样δD与δ¹⁸O关系图

Figure 8.

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图 9 高阳地热田水样Na–K–Mg三元图

Figure 9.

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图 10 高阳地热田热水各矿物SI–t图

Figure 10.

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图 11 高阳地热田地热水成因模式（据庞玉茂, 2012修改）

Figure 11.

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表 1 高阳地热田水样主要离子浓度（mg/L）

Table 1. Main ion concentration (mg/L) of water samples in Gaoyang geothermal field

样品编号	pH	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	HCO₃^–	Cl^–	SO₄^2–	F^–	Sr²⁺	Li⁺	偏硼酸	偏硅酸	TDS	δD/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰
GJ01	8.46	1865	165.6	18.00	12.76	456.1	2818	94.16	8.78	2.811	5.704	107.2	204.4	5563	−70	−5.6
GJ02	8.4	2097	193.4	16.99	8.70	473.9	3096	111.7	9.68	7.327	6.563	120	182.9	6109	−70	−5.4
GJ03	8.38	2062	186.5	23.03	11.34	571.6	3097	116.1	8.63	6.689	5.339	118.1	204.1	6461	−71	−5.9
GJ04	7.08	1466	145.6	88.15	19.60	852.5	1978	118.3	9.45	7.970	3.744	78.48	185	4882	−72	−6.8
GJ05	7.46	1691	149.3	88.56	20.08	838.2	2387	104.9	8.43	8.611	5.040	90.26	179.1	5122	−72	−6.4
GJ06	7.53	1894	167.0	77.05	15.09	761.2	2746	112.3	8.42	9.714	5.781	104.2	186	5677	−71	−5.9
GJ07	7.03	1857	147.9	106.30	15.60	906.3	2675	120.6	6.58	10.74	5.008	91.72	133.8	5618	−73	−6.4
GJ08	7.34	823.9	37.19	53.59	8.86	574.6	996.2	92.81	2.11	3.091	0.953	25.18	78.78	2398	−75	−9.1
GJ09	7.05	1098	73.45	55.31	7.04	675.3	1391	104.5	4.09	5.309	2.201	48.17	100.6	3212	−74	−8.2
GJ10	6.63	1778.3	172.6	89.80	12.60	795.7	2566.8	93.7	8.57	9.712	5.150	21.99	175.3	5657.1	−71	−6.2
GS01	7.94	463.6	4.29	6.70	0.57	589.4	275	108.1	3.14	0.280	0.057	2.3	62.92	1209	−74	−9.4
GS02	8.19	359.6	2.90	4.97	0.62	527.2	164.1	81.49	2.99	0.148	0.039	1.26	56.11	925.7	−73	−9.4
GS03	7.95	445.1	4.60	9.37	0.83	396.9	369.8	102	1.72	0.536	0.072	1.62	60.89	1183	−74	−9.7
GS04	8.16	416.9	5.03	8.83	0.61	432.4	303.4	124.2	2.36	0.346	0.067	1.92	68.02	1135	−74	−9.3
GS05	8.04	412.0	4.00	11.81	1.11	325.8	368	110.4	1.69	0.636	0.055	1.12	52.62	1115	−75	−9.9
GS06	8.16	308.3	2.74	7.61	0.75	344.8	206.1	94.28	1.56	0.300	0.032	0.64	49.46	834.6	−76	−10.3
GS07	8.58	242.9	1.97	5.71	0.68	296.8	116	91.4	1.33	0.116	0.014	0.46	42.93	661.1	−76	−10.2
GQ01	7.83	99.8	1.20	82.89	49.34	179.5	105.4	327.7	0.43	0.897	0.006	<0.20	22.97	889.7	−80	−10.6
GQ02	8.09	49.1	3.18	21.81	6.91	209.4	5.25	6.4	0.37	0.297	<0.005	<0.20	21.47	326.7	−70	−9.7
DQJS01	5.86	2.8	0.45	4.54	0.81	4.74	1.79	7.8	0.15	0.016	<0.005	<0.20	<1.00	35.62	−55	−8.5
注：pH无量纲。

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表 2 水化学指标统计

Table 2. Statistics of water chemistry index

热储类型	化学指标	最小值/ (mg/L)	最大值/ (mg/L)	均值/ (mg/L)	标准差	变异系数/ %	化学指标	最小值/ (mg/L)	最大值/ (mg/L)	均值/ (mg/L)	标准差	变异系数/ %
Ng热储 (n=7)	K⁺	1.97	5.03	3.65	1.12	30.76	F⁻	1.33	3.14	2.11	0.72	34.22
	Na⁺	242.90	463.60	378.34	79.53	21.02	Sr²⁺	0.12	0.64	0.34	0.19	56.52
	Ca²⁺	4.97	11.81	7.86	2.35	29.94	Li⁺	0.01	0.07	0.05	0.02	43.03
	Mg²⁺	0.57	1.11	0.74	0.19	25.26	HBO₂	0.46	2.30	1.33	0.67	49.96
	Cl⁻	116.00	369.80	257.49	98.85	38.39	H₂SiO₃	42.93	68.02	56.14	8.57	15.28
	SO₄^2–	81.49	124.20	101.70	14.10	13.86	TDS	661.10	1209.00	1009.06	206.47	20.46
	HCO₃⁻	296.80	589.40	416.19	108.38	26.04	pH	7.94	8.58	8.15	0.22	2.67
Jxw热储 (n=10)	K⁺	37.19	193.40	143.85	49.99	34.75	F⁻	2.11	9.68	7.47	2.49	33.33
	Na⁺	823.90	2097.00	1663.22	415.74	25.00	Sr²⁺	2.81	10.74	7.20	2.74	38.12
	Ca²⁺	16.99	106.30	61.68	33.24	53.90	Li⁺	0.95	6.56	4.55	1.75	38.39
	Mg²⁺	7.04	20.08	13.17	4.46	33.84	HBO₂	21.99	120.00	80.53	36.52	45.35
	Cl⁻	996.20	3097.00	2375.10	709.37	29.87	H₂SiO₃	78.78	204.40	163.00	43.54	26.71
	SO₄^2–	92.81	120.60	106.91	10.54	9.86	TDS	2398.00	6461.00	5069.91	1286.71	25.38
	HCO₃⁻	456.10	906.30	690.54	163.42	23.67	pH	6.63	8.46	7.54	0.66	8.71
注：pH无量纲。

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表 3 地热水化学指标相关系数

Table 3. Correlation coefficients of geothermal water chemistry indexes

		K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl⁻	SO₄²⁻	HCO₃^–	TDS	pH	温度
Ng 热储	K⁺	1.000
	Na⁺	0.912^**	1.000
	Ca²⁺	0.595	0.477	1.000
	Mg²⁺	0.086	0.097	0.813^*	1.000
	Cl^–	0.863^*	0.827^*	0.872^*	0.553	1.000
	SO₄^2–	0.819^*	0.598	0.661	0.140	0.702	1.000
	HCO₃^–	0.364	0.583	−0.404	−0.607	0.028	0.021	1.000
	TDS	0.943^**	0.995^**	0.550	0.145	0.870^*	0.667	0.510	1.000
	pH	−0.760^*	−0.910^**	−0.498	−0.226	−0.799^*	−0.406	−0.496	−0.899^**	1.000
	温度	0.766^*	0.707	0.298	−0.038	0.546	0.481	0.467	0.709	−0.493	1.000
Jxw 热储	K⁺	1
	Na⁺	0.970^**	1
	Ca²⁺	−0.131	−0.179	1
	Mg²⁺	0.334	0.246	0.630	1
	Cl^–	0.962^**	0.998^**	−0.225	0.215	1
	SO₄^2–	0.387	0.417	0.218	0.362	0.376	1
	HCO₃^–	−0.012	−0.066	0.971^**	0.692^*	−0.117	0.389	1
	TDS	0.985^**	0.987^**	−0.108	0.326	0.981^**	0.446	0.017	1
	pH	0.422	0.497	−0.861^**	−0.233	0.535	0.065	−0.791^**	0.424	1
	温度	0.703^*	0.590	−0.268	0.098	0.605	−0.139	−0.208	0.656^*	0.298	1
注：*在0.01级别（双尾），相关性显著；在0.05级别（双尾），相关性显著。

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表 4 地热水特征系数

Table 4. Characteristic coefficients of geothermal water

样品编号	热储地层	γNa⁺/γCl^–	100×γSO₄^2–/γCl^–	γCl^–/γ(HCO₃^–+CO₃^2–)
GJ01	Jxw	1.02	2.47	8.10
GJ02		1.04	2.67	9.17
GJ03		1.03	2.77	8.30
GJ04		1.14	4.41	3.99
GJ05		1.09	3.24	4.90
GJ06		1.06	3.02	6.21
GJ07		1.07	3.33	5.08
GJ08		1.28	6.87	2.98
GJ09		1.22	5.56	3.54
GJ10		1.07	2.70	5.54
GS01	Ng	2.60	28.99	0.80
GS02		3.38	36.72	0.54
GS03		1.86	20.33	1.60
GS04		2.12	30.26	1.21
GS05		1.73	22.16	1.94
GS06		2.31	33.73	1.03
GS07		3.23	58.10	0.60
GQ01	Q	1.46	229.63	1.01
GQ02	Q	14.20	86.67	0.04

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表 5 热储温度计算结果（℃）

Table 5. Calculation results of thermal storage temperature (℃)

样品编号	井口温度	Na–K	Na–K–Ca	K–Mg	石英	玉髓	多矿物平衡法
GJ01	88	216	222	142	164	141	150
GJ02	88	219	228	154	157	133	155
GJ03	100	217	223	148	164	141	146
GJ04	84	225	207	131	158	134	130
GJ05	82	215	203	131	156	131	122
GJ06	82	215	207	140	158	134	131
GJ07	67	207	197	135	139	112	121
GJ08	71	164	158	102	111	82	113
GJ09	66	193	183	125	123	95	117
GJ10	104	223	210	144	155	130	141
GS01	62	77	98	81	100	70	82
GS02	73	71	92	71	95	65	91
GS03	69	82	99	78	99	69	85
GS04	82	89	105	84	104	74	95
GS05	67	80	95	72	92	62	77
GS06	46	76	91	67	89	59	82
GS07	45	72	87	61	83	52	79

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中国地质调查局中国地质科学院	主办
科学出版社	出版

冀中坳陷高阳地热田水文地球化学特征及其对地热成因的约束

1. 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 河北 石家庄 050061 2. 自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心, 河北 石家庄 050061 3. 中国地质大学环境学院, 湖北 武汉 430074

作者简介: 赵子锐，男，1996年生，博士生，主要从事地热地质方面的研究；E-mail: 184239608@qq.com

通讯作者: 王贵玲，男，1964年生，研究员，主要从事地热资源评价方面研究；E-mail: guilingw@163.com。

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of Gaoyang geothermal field in central Hebei Depression and its constraint on geothermal genesis

Author Bio: ZHAO Zirui, male, born in 1996, Ph.D. candidate, mainly engaged in geothermal geology research; E-mail: 184239608@qq.com .

Corresponding author: WANG Guiling, male, born in 1964, researcher, mainly engaged in geothermal resources evaluation research; E-mail: guilingw@163.com.

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1.
中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 河北石家庄 050061

2.
自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心, 河北石家庄 050061

3.
中国地质大学环境学院, 湖北武汉 430074