Comparisons of the fluid inclusions in the main types of gold deposits in Jiaodong area and the indication on their metallogenic conditional differences: a case study of Shaling, Jiudian and Liaoshang gold deposits
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摘要:
胶东是中国最重要的金矿集区, 破碎带蚀变岩型、石英脉型和黄铁矿碳酸盐脉型金矿是区内的主要矿化类型, 前人对不同矿化类型成矿条件的差异性尚缺乏深入研究。对胶东3种矿化类型的代表性金矿床流体包裹体研究发现: 不同矿化类型金矿床主成矿期的流体包裹体具有相似的岩相学特征, 均发育H2O-CO2(Ⅱ-g型)、富CO2(ⅢCO2型)和水溶液包裹体(Ⅰ-l型和Ⅱ-l型)4种流体包裹体, 均属于CO2-H2O-NaCl±CH4体系。不同矿化类型的流体特征也有差异, 黄铁矿碳酸盐脉型金矿的流体包裹体以盐度和均一温度较高明显区别于其他矿化类型, 石英脉型金矿流体包裹体以直径较大、三相包裹体占比略高, 区别于破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。破碎带蚀变岩型和石英脉型金矿成矿流体整体属于中—低温、中—低盐度、低密度流体, 黄铁矿碳酸盐脉型金矿成矿流体属于中—高温、中—低盐度、低密度流体。对纱岭金矿床-1000~-2000 m海拔高程范围矿体中的流体包裹体研究表明, 在垂深2000 m深度范围内, 成矿流体除盐度有不明显的降低趋势外, 其他特征高度一致, 说明不同深度成矿流体具有一致的性质和物理化学条件。不同矿化类型和不同深度金矿成矿流体特征的总体一致性和部分差异性指示, 胶东金矿是在统一的成矿构造-流体背景下, 不同的局部环境中短时间集中爆发成矿的。
Abstract:Jiaodong area is the most important gold ore-concentrating area in China.The altered-rock-type in fractured zone, quartz-vein-type and pyrite-carbonate-vein-type gold deposits are the main mineralization types.Previous studies on the differences of mineralization conditions of different mineralization types are still lacking.Fluid inclusions of three typical gold deposits in Jiaodong are studied in this paper.The fluid inclusions of gold deposits of different mineralization types have similar petrographic characteristics in main mineralization stages.There are four types of fluid inclusions, including H2O-CO2(Ⅱ-g type), CO2-rich(ⅢCO2 type)and aqueous solution inclusions(Ⅰ-l type and Ⅱ-l type), which belong to CO2-H2O-NaCl±CH4 system.The fluid inclusions of pyrite-carbonate-vein-type gold deposit are obviously different from other types of mineralization due to higher salinity and homogenization temperature.The fluid inclusions of quartz-vein-type gold deposit are different from altered-rock-type gold deposit in fractured zone due to larger diameter and higher proportion of three-phase inclusions.The ore-forming fluid of altered-rock-type and quartz-vein-type gold deposits are belong to medium-low temperature, salinity and low density fluid as a whole, while the pyrite-carbonate-vein-type gold deposit belongs to medium-high temperature, medium-low salinity and low density fluid.The study of fluid inclusions in the ore-body at -1000 ~ -2000 m depth in the Shaling gold deposit show that the ore-forming fluids have the same characteristics except the salinity decrease in the vertical depth of 2000 m, indicating that ore-forming fluids at different depths have the same properties and physicochemical conditions.The general consistency and partial difference of the fluid characteristics of different gold deposits indicate that the Jiaodong gold deposit was formed in a short time under a unified metallogenic structure-fluid background in different local environments.
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表 1 纱岭、旧店和辽上金矿床流体包裹体研究样品特征
Table 1. Samples schedule of fluid inclusions from Shaling, Jiudian and Liaoshang gold deposits
矿床名称 矿石类型 主成矿阶段 样品编号 围岩蚀变 样品描述 取样位置 纱岭 破碎蚀变岩型 金-石英-黄铁矿阶段 17S75 绢英岩化、黄铁矿化 黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩 320ZK722钻孔 旧店 石英脉型 金-石英-多金属硫化物阶段 17S32 硅化、黄铁矿化 黄铁矿化石英脉 4中段 辽上 黄铁矿碳酸盐脉型 金-黄铁矿-白云石阶段 17S24 碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化 黄铁矿化碳酸盐脉 +31 m中段 
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表 2 纱岭矿区不同深部流体包裹体特征
Table 2. Samples schedule of fluid inclusions at different depth from Shaling deposit
样品编号 钻孔编号 岩性描述 取样位置(垂深/m) 品位/10-6 勘探线编号 SL-1 ZK722 黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩 -1205 3.29 320 SL-18 ZK744 黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩 -1588 5.89 320 SL-19 ZK740 黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩 -1883 14.31 320 SL-2 ZK704 黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩 -1114 1.10 256 SL-3 ZK766 黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩 -1488 3.00 256 SL-5 ZK752 黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩 -1693 4.00 256
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表 3 不同矿化类型流体包裹体岩相学特征
Table 3. Petrographic characteristics of fluid inclusions in different mineralization-type deposits
类型 亚类 成分 所占比例 单相包裹体
(Ⅰ型)纯液相包裹体(Ⅰ-l型) 盐水溶液 纱岭20%
旧店15%
辽上15%纯气相包裹体(Ⅰ-g型) 气相CO2±CH4 少量 两相包裹体
(Ⅱ型)两相包裹体(Ⅱ-l型) 盐水溶液、气态H2O 纱岭25%
旧店15%
辽上25%两相包裹体(Ⅱ-g型) 盐水溶液、气态CO2± H2O±CH4 纱岭30%
旧店40%
辽上45%三相包裹体
(Ⅲ型)富CO2三相包裹体(ⅢCO2型) 盐水溶液、液相CO2、气相CO2±CH4 纱岭25%
旧店30%
辽上15%
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表 4 纱岭、旧店和辽上金矿床流体包裹体测温结果
Table 4. Temperature measurement results of fluid inclusions in the main metallogenic epoch of Shaling, Jiudian and Liaoshang gold deposits
矿床名称 样品编号 包裹体类型 气相比例/% 大小/μm Tm CO2/℃ Tm，ice/℃ Tm cla/℃ Th CO2/℃ Th/℃ 盐度/%NaCl 密度/(g·cm-3) 纱岭 17S75 Ⅱ-l 15~35 5~10 -11.5~-0.7 205~367 1.22~15.47 0.59~0.93 Ⅱ-g、ⅢCO2 10~35 4~10 -57.6~-56.8 5.9~8.7 20.7~25.7 179~367 2.07~7.64 0.66~0.92 旧店 17S32 Ⅱ-g、ⅢCO2 10~45 5~17 -57.3~-56.8 4.5~9.5 28.5~31 160~320 1.63~9.69 0.75~0.93 辽上 17S24 Ⅱ-l 25 6 -3.2 317 5.26 0.73 Ⅱ-g、ⅢCO2 10~35 4~8 -62.2~-56.8 1.2~7.8 27.1~30.1 302~385 4.32~14.22 0.66~0.84 注：Tm CO2—CO2固相熔化温度；Tm, ice—冰点温度；Tm cla—水合物分解温度；Th CO2—CO2部分均一温度；Th—完全均一温度
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表 5 纱岭金矿主成矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度、流体盐度及密度
Table 5. The homogenization temperature, sality and density of fluid inclusions in the main metallogenic epoch of Shaling gold deposit
样品编号 主要包裹体类型 均一温度/℃ 盐度/% NaCl 密度/(g·cm-3) 分布范围 主要集中 分布范围 主要集中 分布范围 主要集中 SL-1 Ⅱ-l型、Ⅱ-g型、ⅢCO2型 179~367 260~320 1.22~15.47 4.0~7.0 0.59~0.93 0.7~0.9 SL-18 Ⅱ-l型、Ⅱ-g型、ⅢCO2型 190~334 220~280 3.39~10.72 7.0~8.5 0.72~0.94 0.8~0.9 SL-19 Ⅱ-l型、Ⅱ-g型、ⅢCO2型 185~330 220~260 1.03~13.63 7.0~8.5 0.75~0.97 0.8~0.9 SL-2 Ⅱ-l型、Ⅱ-g型、ⅢCO2型 196~318 240~300 6.12~11.70 8.5~10 0.77~0.95 0.8~0.9 SL-3 Ⅱ-l型、Ⅱ-g型、ⅢCO2型 180~313 220~300 3.55~12.85 5.5~10 0.76~0.98 0.8~0.9 SL-5 Ⅱ-l型、Ⅱ-g型、ⅢCO2型 183~330 220~280 0.41~12.85 7.0~8.5 0.73~0.95 0.8~0.9
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