阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶世碱性辉长岩成因及其大地构造意义

陈宁; 曾忠诚; 赵端昌; 张若愚; 李琦; 赵江林; 王天毅; 刘向东

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2023042

阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶世碱性辉长岩成因及其大地构造意义

1.
陕西省地质调查院，陕西西安　710054

2.
自然资源陕西省卫星应用技术中心，陕西西安　710000

基金项目: 第二次青藏高原科学考察研究计划项目“昆仑–阿尔金–柴北缘成矿带战略储备综合评估”（2019QZKK0806），中国地质调查局项目“阿尔金地区1∶5万J45E010020等6幅区域地质矿产调查”(12120114081901）和“新疆西昆仑1∶5万喀英迪吉勒嘎幅等5幅区调”（1212011120533）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 陈宁（1985−），男，工程师，主要从事区域地质调查工作。E−mail：269070357@qq.com

通讯作者: 曾忠诚（1983−），男，高级工程师，主要从事基础地质调查及构造地质学方面的研究。E−mail：113191186@qq.com

中图分类号: P595

收稿日期: 2022-10-25

修回日期: 2023-03-05

刊出日期: 2023-08-20

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Late Ordovician Alkaline Gabbro in the South Altyn Orogenic Belt

1.
Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China

2.
Shaanxi Satellite Application Technology Center for Natural Resource, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZENG Zhongcheng, 113191186@qq.com

Received Date: 25 October 2022

Revised Date: 05 March 2023

Publish Date: 20 August 2023

摘要

摘要:
笔者以阿尔金造山带南缘出露的碱性辉长岩为研究对象，在详细的野外地质调查基础上，通岩相学、锆石U−Pb定年和全岩地球化学分析，确定其成因环境和源区性质，来探讨阿尔金造山带在该时期的构造演化过程。辉长岩锆石U−Pb测试结果显示其²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（448.1±3.3）Ma，代表了晚奥陶世的侵位时代。全岩地球化学分析结果表明，辉长岩样品的SiO₂含量为42.40%～44.21%，全碱含量为3.56%～3.66%，且富Na、贫K，里特曼指数（σ）和碱度率（AR）分别为11～33和1.33～1.44，为典型的富Na碱质辉长岩。稀土元素配分图和微量元素蛛网图显示辉长岩样品富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素（如Sr、Sc），而亏损高场强元素（如Zr和Hf），且Nb、Th元素变化较大，结合构造环境判别图解以及区域地质最新研究成果，推测大洋俯冲板片流体交代了形成于后碰撞构造环境的碱性辉长岩岩浆源区，随后该碱性岩浆在上升侵位过程中遭受了一定程度的地壳混染作用。碱性辉长岩的发现进一步证明阿尔金造山带在早古生代时期处于后碰撞构造环境。
- 阿尔金造山带 /
- 晚奥陶纪 /
- 碱性辉长岩 /
- 后碰撞构造环境 /
- 交代作用
Abstract:
Alkaline gabbro, located at south Altyn orogeny, is used to discuss petrogenesis and mantle source by comprehensive studies of detailed field work, petrography, zircon dating and whole−rock geochemical analysis, which provide the more evidence to constrain the tectonic evolution process in the southern Altyn orogeny. Zircon U−Pb dating of the gabbro sample yielded a weighted ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of (448.1±3.3) Ma, which is interpreted as intrusive time of the gabbro. Geochemical results show that the gabbro have relative low content of SiO₂ (42.40%～44.21%), but high values of alkali (3.56%～3.66%), and the Rittman index and Alkalinity ratios are 11～33 and 1.33～1.44, respectively. The lines of evidence indicate that the gabbro is classified as the alkaline gabbro series. In addition, the alkaline gabbro samples in the southern Altyn orogeny are enriched in REE and LILE (Sr and Sc), but depleted in HFSE (Hf and Zr), and varied contents of Nb and Th elements. Based on the plotting results of tectonic discrimination, regional geological survey and published data, it is proposed that the mantle source of the alkaline gabbro metasomatized by the fluid of the oceanic subducted slab, and contaminated by the continental crust during ascending process. Therefore, occurrence of the alkaline gabbro not only confirms that the Altyn orogeny was under the framework of the post−collision tectonic setting during early Paleozoic era, but also enriches the mafic magmatism of the orogeny.
- Altyn orogenic belt /
- Late Ordovician /
- alkaline gabbro /
- post–collision tectonic setting /
- metasomatism

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图 1 阿尔金造山带地质构造图（a）（据Liu et al.，2002修改）和研究区地质简图（b）（据原西安地质矿产研究所，2003修改）

Figure 1.

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图 2 阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶纪辉长岩野外、显微结构照片和遥感影像特征图

Figure 2.

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图 3 阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶纪辉长岩CL图像及和U−Pb年龄值图

Figure 3.

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图 4 阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶纪辉长岩锆石U−Pb谐和图

Figure 4.

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图 5 阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶纪辉长岩TAS图解（a）（Middlemost，1994）和SiO₂−AR图解（b）

Figure 5.

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图 6 阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶纪碱性辉长岩稀土元素配分图（a）与微量元素蛛网图（b）

Figure 6.

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图 7 南阿尔金造山带奥陶纪辉长岩MgO–Th/Ta图解（a）、Th/Nb图解（b）和Ta/Nb图解（c）

Figure 7.

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图 8 南阿尔金造山带奥陶纪碱性辉长岩构造判别图解（Agrawal et al.，2008）

Figure 8.

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表 1 阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶纪碱性辉长岩样品锆石LA−ICP−MS U−Pb同位素分析结果表

Table 1. LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb analytical results of the late Ordovician alkaline gabbro in the South Altyn orogenic belt

点号	Th/U	U−Th−Pb同位素比值								T（Ma）
		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶U		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸Th		²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th
		比率	1σ	比率	1σ	比率	1σ	比率	1σ	年龄	1σ	年龄	1σ	年龄	1σ	年龄	1σ
01	0.16	0.05669	0.00197	0.63749	0.01513	0.08154	0.00138	0.03734	0.00084	479	76	501	9	505	8	741	16
02	0.85	0.05644	0.00173	0.55733	0.00979	0.0716	0.00117	0.02256	0.00032	469	67	450	6	446	7	451	6
03	0.50	0.05885	0.00187	0.58902	0.01145	0.07257	0.0012	0.02722	0.00041	562	68	470	7	452	7	543	8
04	0.37	0.05718	0.00176	0.56604	0.01001	0.07178	0.00118	0.02294	0.00033	498	67	456	6	447	7	458	7
05	1.57	0.05606	0.00174	0.55658	0.01017	0.07199	0.00118	0.02329	0.00033	454	68	449	7	448	7	465	6
06	1.52	0.05819	0.00176	0.57425	0.00983	0.07155	0.00117	0.0227	0.00031	536	66	461	6	446	7	454	6
07	0.68	0.05627	0.00173	0.55923	0.00996	0.07206	0.00119	0.02648	0.00038	462	67	451	6	449	7	528	7
08	0.61	0.05614	0.00181	0.5583	0.01133	0.07211	0.0012	0.02572	0.00038	458	70	450	7	449	7	513	8
09	2.08	0.05578	0.00167	0.55579	0.00928	0.07224	0.00118	0.0219	0.0003	444	65	449	6	450	7	438	6
10	0.27	0.05808	0.00188	0.57686	0.01185	0.07201	0.0012	0.02544	0.00042	532	70	462	8	448	7	508	8
11	1.11	0.05623	0.0017	0.55928	0.00959	0.07212	0.00119	0.02032	0.00028	461	66	451	6	449	7	407	6
12	0.19	0.05565	0.00186	0.55194	0.0122	0.07191	0.00121	0.02473	0.00049	438	73	446	8	448	7	494	10
13	0.11	0.05525	0.00175	0.55171	0.01094	0.0724	0.00121	0.02824	0.00057	422	69	446	7	451	7	563	11
14	0.25	0.05618	0.002	0.5615	0.01423	0.07247	0.00125	0.02198	0.00043	459	77	453	9	451	7	439	9
15	0.64	0.05505	0.00171	0.54608	0.01021	0.07193	0.0012	0.02253	0.00033	414	67	442	7	448	7	450	7
16	0.30	0.07232	0.00224	0.61865	0.01148	0.06203	0.00103	0.0205	0.00033	995	61	489	7	388	6	410	6
17	0.61	0.06174	0.00192	0.60486	0.01139	0.07104	0.00119	0.02151	0.00032	665	65	480	7	442	7	430	6
18	0.97	0.05556	0.00167	0.55195	0.00945	0.07204	0.00119	0.02317	0.00032	435	65	446	6	448	7	463	6
19	0.29	0.05498	0.00172	0.54429	0.01057	0.0718	0.0012	0.02221	0.00036	411	68	441	7	447	7	444	7
20	0.69	0.05734	0.00185	0.56985	0.01184	0.07207	0.00122	0.02352	0.00036	504	70	458	8	449	7	470	7

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表 2 阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶纪碱性辉长岩样品主量元素（%）和微量元素（10⁻⁶）地球化学分析结果表

Table 2. Major (%) and trace (10⁻⁶) elements geochemical data of the late Ordovician alkaline gabbro in the South Altyn orogenic belt

样品号	D6060	D6061	D6062	D6063	样品号	D6060	D6061	D6062	D6063
SiO₂	44.04	42.4	43.4	44.21	Ho	1.13	1.02	1.06	1.07
TiO₂	2.75	2.88	2.69	2.84	Er	2.57	2.34	2.4	2.47
Al₂O₃	15.81	15.72	15.88	15.8	Tm	0.45	0.39	0.41	0.42
Fe₂O₃	5.3	5.53	5.6	5.46	Yb	2.14	2.06	2.08	2.09
FeO	7.95	8.23	8.05	7.99	Lu	0.35	0.27	0.31	0.32
MnO	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12	Y	27.3	26.8	27.88	27.63
MgO	7.7	8.28	8.09	7.9	Sr	714.2	683.1	696.34	700.02
CaO	9.04	9.81	9.78	9.46	Ba	394.7	428.7	400.3	400.2
Na₂O	2.18	2.02	2.23	2.16	Rb	40.2	36.7	38.9	38.4
K₂O	1.38	1.57	1.43	1.49	Th	5.89	2.95	3.33	4.27
P₂O₅	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	Pb	19.9	17.6	18.04	19.03
烧失量	1.88	1.33	1.44	1.39	U	1.07	0.78	0.9	0.92
总量	98.37	98.11	98.93	99.04	Zr	89.8	82.7	88.6	85.2
La	19.7	21.8	20.4	21.5	Nb	49.9	11.3	22.59	36.78
Ce	47.3	48.1	48.2	47.9	Ta	2.17	2.19	2.19	2.18
Pr	7.17	6.35	6.65	6.92	Hf	2.3	2.22	2.3	2.29
Nd	32	30.6	31.3	31.7	δEu	0.92	0.94	0.92	0.93
Sm	7.81	7.22	7.65	7.48	δCe	0.96	0.97	0.99	0.94
Eu	2.19	2.14	2.16	2.17	∑REE	162.77	161.27	162.77	164.31
Gd	6.48	6.45	6.45	6.47	（La/Yb）_N	6.21	7.13	6.62	6.93
Tb	0.99	1.02	1	1.01	（La/Sm）_N	1.59	1.9	1.68	1.81
Dy	5.19	4.71	4.8	5.21	（Gd/Yb）_N	2.44	2.53	2.5	2.5

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