Geochemistry Characteristics and Detrital Zircon In–Site U–Pb Geochronology of Silurian Diebu Formation in Bailongjiang Area, West Qinling Mountains
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摘要:
白龙江地区志留系迭部组浅变质碎屑岩微量元素地球化学指示其物源主要来自上地壳长英质岩浆岩，源区与活动大陆边缘背景密切有关。迭部组LA–ICP–MS碎屑锆石U–Pb年代学显示年龄值跨度较大，最小年龄为440 Ma，指示其沉积时代不早于早志留世，结合区域化石资料限定迭部组为早志留世。碎屑锆石U–Pb年龄可分出440～680 Ma、798～876 Ma、1012～1291 Ma、1590～1990 Ma、 2113～2455 Ma等5个峰值年龄区间，显示区内沉积物源具有多源多时代地质体的贡献特征。其中，最高峰值440～680 Ma（占总有效数据76.9%）的年龄谱图与北秦岭微地块吻合度高，显示迭部组沉积物源主要来自北秦岭微地块，而其他组少量峰值碎屑锆石年龄则显示南秦岭微地块、扬子地块，北祁连东段可能参与了部分物源供给。
Abstract:Trace element geochemistry of the shallow metamorphic clastic rocks of the Silurian Diebu Formation in the Bailongjiang area indicates that their provenance is mainly derived from felsic magmatic rocks in the upper crust, and the source area is closely related to the background of the active continental margin. LA–ICP–MS detrital zircon U–Pb chronology of the Diebu Formation shows a large age span, with a minimum age of 440 Ma, indicating that its sedimentary age is not earlier than the Early Silurian. Combined with regional fossil data, the Diebu Formation is defined as the Early Silurian. The U–Pb ages of detrital zircons can be divided into five peak age ranges of 440～680 Ma, 798～876 Ma, 1012～1291 Ma, 1590～1 990 Ma, and 2113～2455 Ma, indicating that the sediment sources in the area have the contribution characteristics of multiple sources and multiple ages of geological bodies. The age spectrum with the highest peak value of 440～680 Ma (accounting for 76.9% of the total effective data) is highly consistent with the north Qinling microblock, indicating that the sediment sources of the Diebu Formation mainly come from the north Qinling microblock, while a small amount of peak clastic zircon ages of other groups indicate that the south Qinling microblock, the Yangtze block, the eastern section of the north Qilian mountains may participate in some source supply.
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Key words:
- Diebu Formation /
- geochemistry /
- detrital zircon /
- U–Pb chronology
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图 4 样品Th/U–Th图解（据McLennan et al.，1993）
Figure 4.
图 5 样品Zr/Sc–Th/Sc图解（据McLennan et al.，1993）
Figure 5.
图 6 样品稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图（据Boynton，1984）
Figure 6.
图 7 样品La/Th–Hf（a）（据Floyd et al.，1987） 和Co/Th–La/Sc（b）（据Bhatia，1983）源岩属性判别图解
Figure 7.
图 8 样品微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（据Sun et al.，1989）
Figure 8.
图 9 样品Ti/Zr–La/Sc构造环境判别图解（据Bhatia，1983）
Figure 9.
图 10 构造环境判别图解（据Bhatia，1983）
Figure 10.
表 1 志留系迭部组划分沿革表
Table 1. Stratigraphic division and evolution of Silurian Diebu Formation
地层 划分机构（时间） 叶连俊
等（1945）穆恩之
（1992）翟玉沛
（1977）原西安地质
矿产研究所（1989）川西北地质
大队（1990）《甘肃省岩石
地层》（1997）志留系 下统 白龙江系 白龙江群 迭部群 迭部群（尖尼沟组、
各子组、安子沟组）白龙江群 下地组 迭部组 拉垅组 塔尔组 
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表 2 稀土及微量元素分析结果表（10–6）
Table 2. Analysis results of rare earth and trace elements (10–6)
样号 YQ-1 YQ-2 YQ-3 YQ-4 样号 YQ-1 YQ-2 YQ-3 YQ-4 样号 YQ-1 YQ-2 YQ-3 YQ-4 Li 9.585 24.76 52.33 89.98 Ba 4893 9862 478.8 797.7 Th 9.39 27.32 20.36 24.1 Be 1.379 2.384 2.198 3.092 La 20.6 49.24 42.16 46.05 U 12.59 11.03 3.74 5.065 Sc 5.458 17.44 14.64 20.93 Ce 36.14 95.21 83.4 83.24 ∑REE 112.93 264.91 225.31 260.13 Ti 1450 4157 4614 4362 Pr 4.595 10.28 9.089 10.25 LREE 82.58 199.27 172.84 184.67 V 396.7 204.5 124.5 151 Nd 16.56 35.29 31.36 36.6 HREE 30.35 65.64 52.47 75.46 Cr 29.11 58.48 61.17 108.1 Sm 3.087 6.234 5.547 6.926 （La/Yb）N 10.52 11.81 13.10 9.70 Co 0.4098 9.034 14.99 18.74 Eu 1.599 3.018 1.285 1.608 （La/Sm）N 4.36 5.17 4.97 4.35 Ni 18.39 44.5 42.35 59.62 Gd 2.699 5.449 4.953 6.543 （Gd/Yb）N 1.59 1.51 1.77 1.59 Cu 25.64 28.67 44.2 46.04 Tb 0.4394 0.8695 0.764 1.028 La/Th 2.19 1.80 2.07 1.91 Zn 7.916 62.61 98.11 134.1 Dy 2.267 4.825 4.058 5.689 La/Sc 3.77 2.82 2.88 2.20 Ga 9.346 21.29 20.48 30.17 Ho 0.5432 1.098 0.8803 1.248 Co/Th 0.04 0.33 0.74 0.78 Ge 1.903 4.958 6.244 8.296 Er 1.451 3.041 2.563 3.525 Th/U 0.75 2.48 5.44 4.76 As 9.643 5.708 3.539 7.486 Tm 0.2599 0.5037 0.3655 0.5656 Zr/Sc 11.41 9.93 10.85 7.56 Rb 58.4 153.8 126.7 198.9 Yb 1.404 2.991 2.309 3.404 Th/Sc 1.72 1.57 1.39 1.15 Sr 44.18 95.4 51.39 67.11 Lu 0.2559 0.5017 0.3776 0.5651 Y 15.57 28.92 21.56 31.96 Hf 1.733 4.696 4.196 4.654 Zr 62.29 173.2 158.9 158.2 Ta 0.7639 1.924 1.697 1.363 Nb 9.26 24.31 23.07 15.41 W 1.248 2.35 1.577 2.437 Mo 30.89 13.42 0.1879 0.2047 Tl 0.1089 0.09111 0.07803 0.0664 Sn 1.503 3.982 3.114 4.161 Pb 15.32 30.92 10.71 8.752 Cs 3.445 8.966 7.354 12.28 Bi 0.2953 0.5096 0.2212 0.5662
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表 3 碎屑岩LA–ICP–MS 锆石U–Pb年龄测定结果表
Table 3. LA–ICP–MS Zircon U–Pb dating results of clastic rocks
样品号及
分析点号Pb Th U Th/U 同位素比值 表面年龄（Ma） 10–6 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ TW1-09 5.78 50.66 60.85 0.832 0.5399 0.0073 0.0707 0.0004 438.4 4.8 440.2 2.6 TW1-04 23.99 127.21 291.93 0.436 0.5424 0.0076 0.0693 0.0004 440.0 5.0 432.1 2.5 TW1-08 26.15 172.32 277.63 0.621 0.5431 0.0081 0.0706 0.0004 440.5 5.4 439.9 2.6 TW1-25 121.07 105.37 197.39 0.534 0.5452 0.0064 0.0712 0.0005 441.8 4.2 443.3 3.1 TW1-23 140.93 248.02 287.74 0.862 0.5454 0.0072 0.0697 0.0004 442.0 4.7 434.3 2.6 TW1-26 322.28 212.26 584.01 0.363 0.5508 0.0073 0.0721 0.0005 445.5 4.8 449.0 2.7 TW1-10 6.96 37.97 109.50 0.347 0.5538 0.0079 0.0713 0.0005 447.5 5.2 444.1 3.1 TW1-17 7.45 62.06 47.51 1.306 0.5544 0.0118 0.0720 0.0005 447.9 7.7 448.4 3.2 TW1-13 16.53 68.51 86.69 0.790 0.5550 0.0072 0.0719 0.0005 448.3 4.7 447.6 3.0 TW1-12 10.16 62.20 109.69 0.567 0.5578 0.0135 0.0719 0.0006 450.1 8.8 447.3 3.7 TW1（2）-60 20.41 429.00 529.39 0.810 0.5627 0.0117 0.0736 0.0007 453.3 7.6 458.0 4.5 TW1-15 35.09 216.89 376.09 0.577 0.5655 0.0091 0.0732 0.0005 455.1 5.9 455.5 3.1 TW1-11 19.11 66.37 183.11 0.362 0.5699 0.0092 0.0715 0.0004 458.0 6.0 445.0 2.5 TW1-14 28.22 171.60 291.24 0.589 0.5701 0.0069 0.0722 0.0005 458.1 4.5 449.2 2.9 TW1（2）-59 103.27 1127.29 1152.01 0.979 0.5767 0.0138 0.0736 0.0006 462.3 8.9 457.8 3.6 TW1（2）-62 37.26 140.27 386.55 0.363 0.5823 0.0119 0.0758 0.0006 465.9 7.6 470.9 3.7 TW1-19 51.04 127.08 324.63 0.391 0.5885 0.0119 0.0722 0.0005 469.9 7.6 449.5 3.3 TW1-27 9.50 54.31 120.15 0.452 0.5903 0.0113 0.0746 0.0007 471.1 7.2 463.6 4.1 TW1（2）-64 204.80 286.52 1271.52 0.225 0.5903 0.0162 0.0772 0.0008 471.1 10.4 479.3 4.6 TW1（2）-63 40.14 214.11 414.41 0.517 0.5923 0.0128 0.0768 0.0008 472.4 8.2 477.2 4.6 TW1-16 31.82 210.06 343.86 0.611 0.5969 0.0127 0.0780 0.0007 475.3 8.1 484.1 4.0 TW1（2）-61 25.75 134.20 257.13 0.522 0.5978 0.0220 0.0741 0.0009 475.8 14.0 460.9 5.2 TW1（2）-67 28.81 144.50 288.26 0.501 0.6014 0.0129 0.0798 0.0007 478.1 8.2 495.0 4.2 TW1（1）-53 47.13 338.28 477.28 0.709 0.6041 0.0205 0.0697 0.0008 479.8 13.0 434.4 4.9 TW1-44 33.70 304.87 362.69 0.841 0.6146 0.0115 0.0807 0.0008 486.4 7.2 500.3 4.7 TW1-42 17.65 152.77 194.23 0.787 0.6152 0.0168 0.0800 0.0009 486.8 10.6 496.2 5.1 TW1-24 36.08 221.50 354.59 0.625 0.6175 0.0116 0.0712 0.0009 488.3 7.3 443.2 5.3 TW1（2）-66 54.41 262.32 559.11 0.469 0.6178 0.0135 0.0793 0.0007 488.4 8.5 492.2 4.4 TW1-18 29.71 196.02 342.73 0.572 0.6219 0.0124 0.0793 0.0007 491.1 7.8 492.1 4.3 TW1-41 111.79 38.61 262.06 0.147 0.6249 0.0116 0.0791 0.0007 492.9 7.2 490.9 4.3 TW1-48 39.60 438.68 406.49 1.079 0.6294 0.0098 0.0812 0.0008 495.7 6.1 503.3 4.6 TW1-40 8.38 57.22 92.25 0.620 0.6298 0.0103 0.0776 0.0006 496.0 6.4 481.6 3.5 TW1-49 55.70 375.96 671.62 0.560 0.6316 0.0123 0.0816 0.0007 497.1 7.6 505.9 4.2 TW1（2）-65 44.40 221.13 317.05 0.697 0.6320 0.0109 0.0779 0.0008 497.3 6.8 483.6 5.0 TW1-47 44.33 435.02 497.84 0.874 0.6331 0.0190 0.0811 0.0010 498.0 11.8 502.4 5.9 TW1-45 51.37 175.51 620.56 0.283 0.6338 0.0120 0.0807 0.0008 498.5 7.5 500.6 4.5 TW1-30 30.67 198.82 370.04 0.537 0.6573 0.0110 0.0835 0.0008 512.9 6.8 517.0 4.9 TW1-28 7.01 15.65 16.23 0.965 0.6612 0.0125 0.0830 0.0007 515.3 7.7 514.1 4.3 TW1-32 38.54 176.81 465.35 0.380 0.6617 0.0147 0.0838 0.0008 515.6 9.0 518.5 5.0 TW1-31 67.79 592.44 715.47 0.828 0.6622 0.0226 0.0835 0.0009 515.9 13.8 517.2 5.6
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续表3 样品号及
分析点号Pb Th U Th/U 同位素比值 表面年龄（Ma） 10–6 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ TW1（2）-68 13.87 170.39 77.00 2.213 0.6625 0.0154 0.0859 0.0007 516.1 9.4 531.0 4.1 TW1-43 89.88 547.82 1046.16 0.524 0.6675 0.0119 0.0806 0.0007 519.2 7.2 499.7 4.1 TW1-20 18.83 134.78 193.41 0.697 0.6713 0.0129 0.0648 0.0009 521.5 7.8 404.8 5.2 TW1-29 93.17 434.87 569.39 0.764 0.6832 0.0180 0.0830 0.0008 528.7 10.9 514.2 4.8 TW1-46 55.44 593.22 643.82 0.921 0.6984 0.0119 0.0810 0.0008 537.8 7.1 502.0 4.6 TW1（2）-69 83.99 504.00 813.35 0.620 0.7073 0.0189 0.0889 0.0010 543.1 11.2 548.8 6.1 TW1（1）-50 16.03 107.39 176.20 0.609 0.7214 0.0149 0.0798 0.0008 551.5 8.8 494.6 4.9 TW1-33 46.35 82.49 130.08 0.634 0.7243 0.0153 0.0887 0.0009 553.2 9.0 547.8 5.6 TW1-34 34.01 238.46 376.36 0.634 0.7734 0.0166 0.0943 0.0011 581.7 9.5 581.2 6.3 TW1-36 193.41 293.75 998.84 0.294 0.8674 0.0345 0.1073 0.0014 634.2 18.7 657.0 8.1 TW1-35 341.75 170.93 764.53 0.224 0.8866 0.0181 0.1032 0.0009 644.5 9.7 633.3 5.5 TW1（2）-71 39.88 253.59 444.57 0.570 0.9537 0.0310 0.1123 0.0020 680.0 16.1 686.1 11.3 TW1-37 13.91 98.38 165.51 0.594 1.1960 0.0189 0.1325 0.0013 798.8 8.8 801.9 7.2 TW1（2）-72 15.01 59.18 153.53 0.385 1.2035 0.0216 0.1333 0.0015 802.2 10.0 806.5 8.4 TW1-38 29.72 177.42 307.69 0.577 1.2857 0.0169 0.1399 0.0010 839.4 7.5 844.2 5.7 TW1（2）-73 85.35 468.84 869.61 0.539 1.3702 0.0427 0.1500 0.0017 876.3 18.3 900.8 9.8 TW1（1）-51 15.60 81.26 181.48 0.448 1.7110 0.0496 0.1453 0.0032 1012.7 18.6 874.3 18.0 TW1（2）-74 86.03 414.22 487.41 0.850 1.7878 0.0239 0.1740 0.0017 1041.0 8.7 1034.2 9.6 TW1-39 34.28 207.02 389.86 0.531 2.3237 0.0359 0.2017 0.0024 1219.6 11.0 1184.3 13.0 TW1（2）-75 64.56 344.62 645.80 0.534 3.7886 0.0459 0.2818 0.0021 1590.3 9.8 1600.3 10.8 TW1（2）-76 22.73 106.76 239.78 0.445 4.4279 0.0903 0.3094 0.0038 1717.6 16.9 1737.7 18.5 TW1（2）-77 47.54 278.03 472.73 0.588 6.0070 0.0759 0.3659 0.0030 1976.9 11.1 2010.0 14.4 TW1（2）-78 90.46 476.32 749.47 0.636 6.1002 0.0636 0.3734 0.0024 1990.3 9.2 2045.6 11.2 TW1（1）-52 34.65 208.34 363.47 0.573 7.0188 0.0631 0.3500 0.0022 2113.8 8.1 1934.8 10.5 TW1（2）-79 54.82 354.98 551.92 0.643 9.7415 0.1007 0.4342 0.0031 2410.6 9.7 2324.7 13.8 TW1（2）-80 32.97 153.56 396.19 0.388 10.2256 0.1293 0.4676 0.0039 2455.4 11.8 2473.0 17.4
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