Tectonic Evolution and Key Geological Mineral Issues of Arabian Shield
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摘要:
阿拉伯地盾位于阿拉伯板块的西南部，与红海西岸的努比亚地盾共同组成努比亚−阿拉伯地盾，是新元古代东、西冈瓦纳大陆汇聚过程中形成的泛非造山带的重要组成部分。在“沙特阿拉伯地盾精细地质填图”技术标编制过程中，笔者综合分析了该区的地质调查和研究成果，总结了阿拉伯地盾8个次级地体、主要蛇绿岩构造混杂岩带及新元古代沉积盆地的地质特征，并将阿拉伯地盾的地质演化细分为4个构造演化阶段。其中，在新元古代洋−陆转化过程中阿拉伯地盾形成了一系列重要的矿产资源。在此基础上，系统梳理了区内地层、构造、岩浆作用及与成矿相关的地质问题，提出了未来精细地质填图过程中的工作建议。
Abstract:The Arabian Shield, located in the southwestern Arabian Plate, constitutes the Nubia–Arabian Shield with the Nubia to the west of the Red Sea, and is an important part of the Pan–Africa Orogeny that formed during the convergence of eastern and western Gondwana in Neoproterozoic. During compiling the technical bid of “Detailed Geological Mapping of the Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”, both progress on geological survey and researches of the Arabian Shield has been comprehensively analyzed. The geological structure of the Arabian Shield is characterized by eight terrenes and ophiolitic mélange zones or shearing zones between them, and is overlain by Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins. Based on these analyses, the tectonic evolution of the Arabian Shield can be classified into four tectonic stages, and a series of metal deposits have been formed during the ocean–continent tectonic transformational process in Neoproterozoic. Moreover, the geological problems related to strata, magmatism, tectonic evolution, and mineralization of the Arabian Shield have been sorted out, as well as suggestions have been put forward for the detailed geological mapping in the future.
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Key words:
- detailed geological mapping /
- Arabian Shield /
- Pan–Africa Orogeny /
- tectonic evolution
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图 1 阿拉伯板块大地构造位置图（a）（据Stern et al.，2010）和阿拉伯地盾构造单元划分图（b）（据Johnson et al.，2011；Surour et al.，2014；Abd-Allah et al.，2014；Hamimi et al.，2014；El-Sawy et al.，2019；Abuamarah，2020）
Figure 1.
图 2 新元古代阿拉伯地盾东部构造格局示意图（据Doebrich et al.，2007修改）
Figure 2.
图 3 阿拉伯–努比亚地盾构造背景及缝合带和断裂带对比图（据Stern et al.，2010；Abd-Allah et al.，2014修改）
Figure 3.
图 4 Fatima缝合带形成过程示意图（据Abd-Allah et al.，2014）
Figure 4.
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