Construction and Implementation of Evaluation System for Ecological Restoration Effectiveness of Mines in Northern Shaanxi Coal Base
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摘要:
煤炭资源是中国陕北地区社会经济发展的重要支柱，科学谋划矿山生态修复工作是维护陕北地区生态安全与能源安全的关键途径，而矿山生态修复成效评估是其中必不可少的环节，用以展现当地生态环境治理和自然资源保护的效益。笔者立足于矿山生态修复工作流程，通过遥感监测、物联网站点监测、人工实地调查与采样手段，基于矿山生态环境多源监测数据，从生态效益、社会效益及经济效益3大类别、12项指标出发，构建适用于陕北煤炭基地矿山生态修复成效评估体系。利用遥感、大数据、云计算等信息化技术，搭建矿山生态修复监管平台，实现修复成效智能评估功能，旨在形成高效、合理的矿山生态修复成效评估体系，全面展现陕北煤炭基地矿山生态修复工作的综合效益，以期为矿山生态修复工程监管提供理论指导和技术支撑。
Abstract:Coal resource is an important pillar of social and economic development in northern Shaanxi coal base. Scientific planning of mine ecological restoration is a key way to maintain ecological security and energy security in northern Shaanxi, and the evaluation of mine ecological restoration is an indispensable part, which is used to show the benefits of local ecological environment management and natural resource protection. Based on the workflow of mine ecological restoration, through remote sensing monitoring, Internet of things site monitoring, artificial field investigation and sampling methods, and based on the multi−source monitoring data of mine ecological environment, this paper starts from three categories and twelve indicators of ecological, social and economic benefits, a suitable evaluation system for the mine ecological restoration effectiveness in the northern Shaanxi coal base has been constructed. By using remote sensing, big data, cloud computing and other information technologies, a mine ecological restoration supervision platform has been established to achieve intelligent evaluation of restoration effectiveness. The aim is to establish an efficient and reasonable evaluation system for ecological restoration effectiveness of mines , comprehensively demonstrating the comprehensive benefits of mine ecological restoration in northern Shaanxi coal base, and provide theoretical guidance and technical support for mine ecological restoration project supervision.
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表 1 矿山生态修复成效评估体系表
Table 1. Index classification of mine ecological restoration effectiveness evaluation system
目标层 准则层 分目标层 指标层 研究方法 指标类型 指标性质 矿山生态修复成效评估 生态效益 地质安全
隐患消除煤火隐患 遥感解译，实地调查 定量 负向 边坡隐患 遥感解译，物联网监测，实地调查 定量 负向 地面塌陷 遥感解译，物联网监测，实地调查 定量 负向 地表水改善 地表水径流量 水资源相关数据 定量 正向 地表水水质 遥感解译，人工采样，水资源相关数据 定量 正向 地下水改善 地下水位 物联网监测，水资源相关数据 定量 正向 地下水水质 物联网监测，水资源相关数据 定量 正向 土壤改善 土壤质量 人工采样 定量 正向 土壤污染 人工采样 定量 负向 植被提升 植被类型 遥感解译 定量 正向 植被覆盖度 遥感解译 定量 正向 植被成活率 遥感解译 定量 正向 社会效益 新增就业岗位 （个） 收集统计矿山生态修复工程开展全过程中所产生的就业岗位数量 定量 正向 社会资本参与率 （%） 收集统计生态修复工程总资金投入中，社会资本投入所占的百分比 定量 正向 人居环境改善 一般/较好/
很好“一般”是指周边居民基本感受不到工程带来的效益；“较好”是指周边居民能感受到一定工程带来的效益；“很好”是指周边居民能切实感受到工程实施带来的效益 定性 正向 防灾减灾能力 一般/较好/
很好“一般”是指工程实施后地质安全隐患未能完全消除；“较好”是指工程实施后地质安全基本消除；“很好”是指工程实施后地质安全隐患完全消除 定性 正向 经济效益 居民收入增长率 （%） 根据生态修复后给地方居民带来的额外年收入增加值与常规的正常年收入的比计算 定量 正向 土地利用率 （%） 参照修复后已恢复利用的土地面积与矿山生态修复项目治理区域内总面积的比计算 定量 正向 生态衍生产业产值增长率 （%） 根据矿山生态修复产业化的各经济体所产生的年收入产值增长情况计算 定量 正向 
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