Soil Nutrient Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors in the Oasis Zone of the Northeastern Margin of Tarim Basin
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摘要:
土壤健康关系人民生产生活水平，关乎国家粮食安全，是重要的战略资源。为摸清塔里木盆地东北缘典型绿洲区土壤养分特征，采集研究区土壤表层样品140件，测定主要养分元素含量，分析其生态化学计量特征、空间分布规律及影响养分富集的主控因素。结果表明：① 研究区Fe、Mn含量高值分布面积最广，Mg含量高值分布范围最小；分析土壤生态化学计量特征，发现缺氮少磷是限制区内植物正常生长的主控因素。②从数量上来看，研究区贫瘠、极贫瘠级别的土地面积占总面积的99.14%，仅0.86%的土地处于中等级别水平。从空间分布上来看，中等肥力的土地分布在区内东南部，呈孤岛状；极贫瘠的土地主要分布在绿洲–荒漠的过渡带上。③研究区4种土地利用方式中，耕地的土壤养分含量较高；土壤养分元素的含量与坡向、地表粗糙度呈正相关关系，与海拔呈负相关关系。同时，土壤养分的丰缺与长期连作、作物施肥、灌溉技术等人为影响也有着密切的关系。
Abstract:Soil health is related to people’s production, living standards, and national food security and is an important strategic resource. To understand the nutrient characteristics of soils in typical oasis areas on the northeast edge of the Tarim basin. A total of 140 soil surface samples were collected from the study area to determine the content of major nutrient elements and analyze their ecological chemometric characteristics, spatial distribution patterns, and the main controlling factors affecting nutrient enrichment. The results showed that: ① High values of Fe and Mn were most widely distributed in the study area, while high values of Mg were the least widely distributed. Analysis of the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of the soil showed that the lack of nitrogen and phosphorus was the main controlling factor limiting the normal growth of plants in the area. ② In terms of quantity, 99.14% of the total land area in the study area is infertile or very infertile, and only 0.86% of the land is at the medium−grade level. In terms of spatial distribution, the moderately fertile land is distributed in the south−eastern part of the district in the form of islands, and the very barren land is mainly distributed in the oasis−desert transition zone. ③ Among the four types of land use, the soil nutrient content of the arable land is higher. Meanwhile, the content of nutrient elements is positively correlated with slope orientation and surface roughness and negatively correlated with altitude. At the same time, the abundance of soil nutrients is also closely related to long−term continuous cropping, crop fertilization, irrigation techniques, and other anthropogenic influences.
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Key words:
- soil /
- nutrients /
- Tarim Basin /
- oasis zone /
- dominant control factors
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表 1 描述统计相关参数表（n=140）
Table 1. Describes the statistically related parameters （n=140）
元素 最小值 最大值 均值 标准偏差 偏度 峰度 变异系数（%） 正态分布 TN 0.01 0.13 0.04 0.02 1.12 2.18 0.47 平方差 Corg 0.06 1.83 0.43 0.29 1.50 3.65 0.68 平方差 TC 1.15 3.45 2.45 0.47 0.00 −0.66 0.19 平方差 Mo 0.37 2.04 0.82 0.30 1.29 2.37 0.37 对数 Fe 1.70 5.06 3.10 0.67 0.48 −0.44 0.22 平方差 TK 1.23 2.79 2.20 0.22 −0.37 2.88 0.10 平方差 Mg 1.38 4.49 2.77 0.62 0.34 −0.28 0.22 平方差 Mn 261.63 732.43 480.49 93.39 0.42 −0.32 0.19 对数 TP 336.08 869.40 557.23 109.32 0.56 0.26 0.20 对数 注：TN、Corg、TC、TK、Fe、Mg含量为%；Mo、Mn、TP含量为10–6。 
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表 2 第二次全国土壤普查土壤养分分级标准表
Table 2. Soil nutrient classification standards for the second national soil survey
一级 二级 三级 四级 五级 六级 TN ＞40 1.5～2 1～1.5 0.75～1 0.5～0.75 ＜0.5 TP ＞1 0.8～1 0.6～0.8 0.4～0.6 0.2～0.4 ＜0.2 TK ＞25 20～25 15～20 10～15 5～10 ＜5 有机质 ＞40 30～40 20～30 10～20 6～10 ＜6 注：元素含量均为‰。
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表 3 半方差函数相关参数表
Table 3. Related parameters of the half-variance function
元素 块金值
C0基台值
C0+C块金比
C0/C0+C变程
R决定系数
R2残差
RSS模型 TN 1.21E-04 2.04E-03 0.941 4170.00 0.74 2.49E-09 指数模型 Corg 0.0025 0.0445 0.944 4770.00 0.70 1.07E-04 指数模型 TC 0.0016 0.0237 0.933 4800.00 0.21 1.43E-05 球状模型 Mo 0.0079 0.1108 0.929 3420.00 0.27 1.72E-04 指数模型 Fe 0.0052 0.034 0.848 2390.23 0.49 8.81E-06 高斯模型 TK 7.80E-04 5.72E-03 0.864 4710.00 0.79 7.61E-08 指数模型 Mg 0.0043 0.0354 0.880 2760.00 0.21 6.25E-05 指数模型 Mn 0.0008 0.0368 0.978 2720.00 0.54 6.57E-06 球状模型 TP 0.0022 0.0382 0.942 2810.00 0.35 2.86E-05 球状模型
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表 4 土壤养分元素的权重表
Table 4. Weights of soil nutrient elements
元素 TN Corg TC Mo Fe TK Mg Mn TP 权重 0.1995 0.2254 0.0537 0.1622 0.0885 0.0219 0.0799 0.0715 0.0974
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表 5 肥力等级及面积占比表
Table 5. Fertility grade and area ratio
土壤肥力等级 肥沃F1 较肥沃F2 中等F3 贫瘠F4 极贫瘠F5 IFI ≥0.8 0.6～0.8 0.4～0.6 0.2～0.4 ≤0.2 面积占比 0 0 0.86% 89.64% 9.50%
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表 6 不同土地利用方式间土壤生态化学计量特征表
Table 6. Soil ecological stoichiometry of different land use methods
生态化学计量比 耕地 园地 林地 荒地 wC∶wN 69.20±15.20ab 65.17±10.85a 74.31±12.32b 68.73±10.32a wC∶wP 42.99±5.70a 45.20±7.09ab 46.06±7.22b 44.32±5.90a wN∶wP 0.71±0.11a 0.73±0.11b 0.72±0.08ab 0.71±0.11a 注：表中数据为平均值±标准差，不同小写字母表示不同土地利用方式土壤生态化学计量特征差异显著。
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