Research Status and Prospect of Soil and Water Loss Mechanism and Prevention Measures in Pisha Sandstone Area
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摘要:
砒砂岩集中分布于黄河中游晋陕蒙交接地带的多沙粗沙区，是黄河下游地上悬河造床质粗泥沙的重要组成部分，系关黄河安澜。由于砒砂岩孔隙发育、结构松散，遇水崩解等特性，以及地形地貌、气候、水文等因素的影响，导致砒砂岩极易发生风化、侵蚀，且侵蚀机制复杂、侵蚀类型多样。系统探究砒砂岩的风化、侵蚀与搬运机制及其发展演化过程是遏制粗泥沙入黄的关键。基于文献检索，笔者系统整理砒砂岩风化与侵蚀机制，分析坡面、沟道侵蚀与搬运演化过程、产沙产流规律，梳理有关砒砂岩的水土流失防治措施研究成果以及存在的问题，并提出遏制砒砂岩粗泥沙入黄的对策建议。①聚焦粗泥沙集中来源区，从源头遏制粗泥沙入黄。②按照山水林田湖草沙生命共同体理念，探索面向粗泥沙的水土保持新体系。③创新多元化投入、跨地区联动，多部门协作，多专业融合的遏制粗泥沙入黄工作机制。④加强砒砂岩风化−侵蚀−搬运机制与防治关键技术研究。
Abstract:Pisha sandstone is mainly distributed in the sandy and coarse sand area at the junction of Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Pisha sandstone is the main component of coarse sediment in the suspended river bed in the lower Yellow River, which is related to the safety of the Yellow River. The lithological characteristics of Pisha sandstone are developed pore structure, loose structure, and collapse when encountering water, resulting in its extremely easy weathering. In addition, due to the impact of various factors such as variable topographic and geomorphological characteristics, harsh climate, and complex hydrological conditions, the erosion mechanism in Pisha Sandstone areas is complex and the types of erosion are diverse. It is the key to control soil and water loss to describe the occurrence, development and evolution pattern of Pisha Sandstone erosion systematically. Based on the literature review, by reviewing the existing research results on the erosion of arsenic sandstone, the influencing factors and evolution process of weathering and erosion of arsenic sandstone are systematically sorted out. The erosion evolution process of slope and channel, sediment production and flow law were analyzed. This paper summarizes the research results of existing control measures and the existing problems in the Pisha sandstone area, and puts forward some suggestions. ① It is recommended to focus on the concentrated source areas of coarse sediment and curb the inflow of coarse sediment into the Yellow River from the source. ② Adhere to the concept of a life community of mountains, forests, fields, lakes, grass, and sand, and explore a new system of soil and water conservation oriented towards coarse sediment. ③ Innovate a diversified investment, cross regional linkage, multi department collaboration, and multi professional integration mechanism to curb the inflow of coarse sediment into the Yellow River. ④ Strengthen the research on weathering erosion transport mechanism and key technologies for prevention and control of Pisha sandstone.
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Key words:
- Pisha sandstone /
- soil erosion /
- weathering mechanism /
- erosion evolution mechanism /
- Yellow River Basin
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表 1 砒砂岩矿物成分含量表
Table 1. Mineral composition of arsenic sandstone
砒砂岩类型 矿物成分平均含量（%） 取样地点 数据来源 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 钙蒙脱石 伊利石 高岭石 灰白色 50.5 10.9 1.0 11.0 1.8 20.0 3.0 2.0 纳林川布尔洞沟 石迎春，2004 紫红色 50.8 10.8 3.6 12.0 2.0 15.8 3.3 2.1 紫红灰白条带 42.5 16.5 9.0 10.0 2.0 24.0 5.0 0 未标注 36.4 21.5 13.3 6.9 2.5 4.3 东胜–准格尔旗 王强恒，2013 未标注 47.1 5.7 4.0 12.6 1.8 18.2 3.3 2.0 内蒙古南部 叶浩，2006 紫色 30.9 16.4 18.2 10.4 1.6 16.1 1.4 2.7 二老虎沟、
圪秋沟、敖包墕姚文艺，2017 白色 44.6 19.4 16.3 6.8 1.5 7.5 1.0 2.0 粉色 18.7 23.3 19.2 15.8 1.3 16.7 1.3 2.3 灰色 30.5 18.8 16.3 2.0 2.0 22.5 1.0 3.5 
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