佳芦河流域山水林田湖草沙生态保护修复实践研究

王尧; 张茂省; 陈华军; 魏欣; 郭迟辉

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2023095

佳芦河流域山水林田湖草沙生态保护修复实践研究

1.
自然资源部国土整治中心，北京　100035

2.
自然资源部土地工程技术创新中心，北京　100035

3.
西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院，陕西西安　712000

4.
陕西自然资源勘测规划设计院，陕西西安　710076

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“基于风险的地质环境承载力理论与评价方法研究”（41641011），中国地质调查局项目“资源环境重大问题综合区划与开发保护策略研究”（DD20190463）和“生态保护和自然资源利用综合评价”（DD20211413）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 王尧（1979–），女，研究员，主要研究方向为生态修复。E–mail：wangyao@lcrc.org.cn

通讯作者: 张茂省（1962−），男，研究员，博士生导师，长期从事水工环地质调查、生态保护修复研究。E–mail：xazms@126.com

中图分类号: P69

收稿日期: 2023-03-02

修回日期: 2023-05-17

录用日期: 2023-05-17

刊出日期: 2023-06-20

Ecological Protection–Restoration Practice of Mountains Rivers Forests Farmlands Lakes Grasslands Sands in the Jialu River Basin

1.
Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, MNR, Beijing 100035, China

2.
Land Engineering Technology Innovation Center , MNR, Beijing 100035, China

3.
School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 712000, Shaanxi, China

4.
Shaanxi Natural Resources Survey, Planning and Design Institute , Xi’an 710076, Shaanxi, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Maosheng, xazms@126.com

Received Date: 02 March 2023

Revised Date: 17 May 2023

Accepted Date: 17 May 2023

Publish Date: 20 June 2023

摘要

摘要:
流域生态系统是以地表水和地下水为主要纽带，具有明确边界的国土空间地理单元，是国土空间生态修复的最佳实施单元。基于流域生态恢复理论，以黄土高原地区佳芦河流域为研究对象，在全面客观了解流域生态环境现状与生态问题的基础上，按照“保持水土资源，恢复自然生态”的理念，突出水资源涵养和科学利用措施，以保水为主线的基于自然的解决方案，将流域划分为8个修复单元，实施13类工程措施，部署4个子项目，形成小流域山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复体系，对流域山水林田湖草沙生命共同体进行系统保护和修复。研究结果表明，开展流域山水林田湖草沙生态保护修复，有助于控制佳芦河流域及沿岸生态系统脆弱、水土流失严重、工矿与城镇水污染凸显、历史遗留矿山、农用地质量较低、生态保护和修复能力较弱等问题，有效缓解水土流失状况和减少入黄泥沙，持续提升流域生态环境质量，增强山水林田湖草沙生命共同体的稳定性，提高生态系统服务功能，筑牢中国北方生态安全屏障，对黄土高原地区流域生态保护修复具有启示意义。
- 流域生态修复 /
- 黄土高原 /
- 山水林田湖草沙 /
- 基于自然的解决方案 /
- 佳芦河流域
Abstract:
Watershed ecosystem is a territorial spatial geographic unit with clear boundary, which is mainly linked by surface water and groundwater, and is the best implementation unit of territorial spatial ecological restoration. Based on the theory of watershed ecological restoration, taking the Jialu River basin in the Loess Plateau as the research object, on the basis of a comprehensive and objective understanding of the current situation and ecological problems of the watershed ecological environment, and in accordance with the concept of "conserving water and soil resources and restoring natural ecology", the watershed is divided into 8 restoration units, and 13 types of engineering measures are implemented, 4 subprojects will be deployed to form an integrated protection and restoration system for small watershed landscapes, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and systematically protect and restore the life community of watershed landscapes, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand. The research results show that the ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand in the basin will help to control the fragile ecosystem, serious water and soil loss, prominent water pollution in industrial and mining areas and cities, mines left over from history, low quality of agricultural land, weak ecological protection and restoration capacity in the Jialu River basin and its coastal areas, effectively alleviate the situation of water and soil loss, reduce sediment inflow into the Yellow River, and continuously improve the quality of the ecological environment in the basin, To enhance the stability of the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, improve the ecosystem service function, and build the ecological security barrier in the north of China are of great significance for the ecological protection and restoration of the watershed in the Loess Plateau.
- watershed ecological restoration /
- loess plateau /
- mountains rivers forests farmlands lakes grasslands sands /
- nature based solutions /
- Jialu river basin

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图 1 流域范围图

Figure 1.

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图 2 生态修复技术路线图

Figure 2.

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图 3 流域生态保护修复单元和工程分布图

Figure 3.

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图 4 佳芦河流域工程子项目布局图

Figure 4.

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表 1 佳芦河流域安排项目信息表

Table 1. Information of subprojects of Jialu River Basin Projects

项目名称	修复目标	修复措施
水土流失综合治理子项目	总面积为132.45 km²。多沙粗沙区水土流失生态治理面积为131.4 km²，有主矿山生态保护修复面积为4.26 km²（由矿权主体实施），新增林地面积为0.09 km²，林草提质增效面积为0.43 km²，碳汇增加量为1095.00 t，水库保护面积为0.53 km²	封育保护工程、水生态保护工程、河道疏浚工程、生态护坡工程
水土保持与沿黄绿廊建设子项目	总面积为181.10 km²。多沙粗沙区水土流失生态治理面积达163.37 km²，新增林地面积为8.11 km²，林草提质增效面积为9.53 km²，碳汇增加量为1735.80 t，湖泊湿地保护修复面积为0.1 km²。	封育保护工程、沿黄防护林工程、湿地保护工程、坡面粗泥沙水土保持工程等
土地综合整治与人居环境提升子项目	总面积为82.67 km²。多沙粗沙区水土流失生态治理面积为71.2 km²，河流生态保护修复长度为40 km，新增林地面积为3.53 km²，林草提质增效面积为4.15 km²，碳汇增加量为1840.66 t，农业空间生态保护修复面积为3.78 km²	封育保护工程、农田提质改造工程、道路防护林工程、生态护坡工程、河道疏浚工程、文化与旅游景点生态提升工程
风沙滩地区防风固沙子项目	总面积为150.43 km²。多沙粗沙区水土流失生态治理面积为135.69 km²，历史遗留矿山生态修复面积达0.09 km²，有新增林地面积为6.73 km²，林草提质增效面积为7.91 km²，碳汇增加量为328.55 t	封育保护工程、水生态保护工程、防风固沙林工程、历史遗留矿山生态治理工程

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