Preparation of Porous Ceramic Materials from High-Sulfur Copper Tailings and Its Pore Structure Properties
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摘要:
以高硫铜尾矿为主要原料制备多孔保温陶瓷材料。首先对尾矿进行浮选和磁选脱硫，将尾矿中的总硫含量从6.40%降低至0.69%，然后通过条件实验研究了原料配比、粉磨时间、发泡剂用量对多孔陶瓷材料表观密度和抗压强度的影响。当脱硫铜尾矿用量为60%、钾长石用量为20%、钠长石用量为15%、硅微粉用量为5%、发泡剂SiC用量为0.3%、粉磨时间为40 min时，多孔陶瓷性能最佳，表观密度为412 kg/m3，抗压强度为2.94 MPa，采用工业CT对多孔陶瓷材料的孔结构进行分析，多孔陶瓷的总孔隙率为56.93%，其中闭合孔隙率高达56.51%，平均喉道长度为1357.1 μm，有较高的封闭性，为多孔陶瓷提供了优良的保温隔热性能。
Abstract:The porous ceramics was preparated using high-sulfur copper-tailings as the main raw material. Firstly, flotation and magnetic separation desulfurization were carried out on the tailings to reduce the total sulfur content from 6.40% to 0.69%. The effects of raw material ratio, grinding time, and foaming agent dosage on the apparent density and compressive strength of porous ceramic materials were studied through conditional experiments. When the amount of desulfurization copper tailings was 60%, the amount of potassium feldspar was 20%, the amount of sodium feldspar was 15%, the amount of silicon micro powder was 5%, the amount of foaming agent SiC was 0.3%, and the grinding time was 40 minutes, the performance of porous ceramics was the best. The apparent density was 412 kg/m3, and the compressive strength was 2.94 MPa. The pore structure of porous ceramics was analyzed using industrial CT, and the total porosity of porous ceramics was 56.93%, with a closed porosity of up to 56.51%, The average throat length was 1 357.1 μ m. It has high sealing performance, providing excellent insulation and thermal insulation performance for porous ceramics.
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Key words:
- high-sulfur copper tailings /
- porous ceramics /
- insulation ceramics /
- pore structure
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表 1 主要原料的X射线荧光光谱分析
Table 1. X−ray fluorescence spectrum analysis of copper tailings
/% 化学成分 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O Fe2O3 SO3 Loss 铜尾矿 34.30 6.33 21.06 5.84 0.96 0.57 18.21 11.61 0.84 钾长石 77.50 11.98 0.61 1.52 0.36 7.15 0.32 0.02 0.45 钠长石 71.28 11.56 2.03 0.47 3.58 9 0.22 0.01 0.36 硅微粉 98.85 − − − − − − − − 
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表 2 浮选脱硫实验结果
Table 2. Test results of flotation desulfurization
/% 实验方案 产品名称 产率 硫品位 硫回收率 方案1
草酸+硫酸铜粗精矿 23.01 22.59 81.22 中矿 5.47 6.92 5.91 尾矿 71.52 1.15 12.85 给矿 100.00 6.40 100.00 方案2
硫化钠+硫酸铜粗精矿 22.14 22.39 77.46 中矿 6.63 6.82 7.07 尾矿 71.23 1.39 15.47 给矿 100.00 6.40 100.00 方案3
硫酸+硫代硫酸钠+
水玻璃粗精矿 19.82 24.37 75.47 中矿 2.44 10.56 4.03 尾矿 77.74 1.69 20.53 给矿 100.00 6.40 100.00
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表 3 发泡陶瓷的适宜化学成分组成
Table 3. Suitable chemical composition of foamed ceramics
/% SiO2 Al2O3 Na2O＋K2O CaO+MgO 50~70 >10 3~8 大于1.5
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表 4 原料配比实验结果
Table 4. Test Results of Raw Material Proportion
组号 脱硫
尾矿/%钾长石/
%钠长石/
%硅微粉/
%表观
密度/(kg·m−3)抗压
强度/MPa1 80 5 10 5 684 3.14 2 70 10 10 5 636 3.22 3 70 15 15 5 614 2.95 4 60 20 15 5 542 3.93 5 50 20 20 10 545 3.91
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表 5 多孔陶瓷孔隙分布数据表
Table 5. Pore Distribution Data Sheet of Porous Ceramics
项目 总孔
隙率/%连通
孔隙率/%闭合
孔隙率/%最大孔隙半径/μm 平均孔隙半径/μm 最大喉道半径/μm 数值 56.93 0.42 56.51 2074.4 490.8 438.3 项目 平均喉道半径/μm 最大喉道长度/μm 平均喉道长度/μm 平均喉道体积/μm3 最大
配位数平均
配位数数值 98.8 3380.8 1357.1 5.51*107 15 2.98
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