Chemical Modification of Natural Magnetite and Its Application in Arsenic Removal from a Water Environment
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摘要: 铁氧化物及其复合氧化物（如菱铁矿、水铁矿）的表面电荷高、比表面积大，在特定条件下对亚砷酸盐和砷酸盐有较强的结合能力和亲和性，以铁氧化物作为吸附剂处理高砷水已经成为研究热点之一。天然磁铁矿的主要成分为Fe3O4，但其本身活性较弱，直接应用于处理高砷水的除砷率低。本文对天然磁铁矿采取酸化、碱化、不同温度灼烧、不同灼烧时间等简易的方法进行改性，达到有效去除水中砷的目的。实验结果表明：经0.5 mol/L盐酸浸泡、150℃灼烧10 min的改性磁铁矿分别处理As（Ⅲ）溶液和As（Ⅴ）溶液时，As（Ⅴ）去除率达98%，吸附能力显著增强，达到预期目标；溶液中As（Ⅲ）浓度从1000 μg/L下降到250 μg/L，去除率达75%，即As吸附能力明显优于未改性的天然磁铁矿，与其他改性铁矿除砷能力相近，而改性方法更加简便、易行。本文研究的改性天然磁铁矿吸附剂为控制高砷水的砷含量提供了一种切实可用的吸附材料。Abstract: Iron oxides and their complex oxides such as siderite and ferrihydrite have high surface charge and specific surface area, which have strong binding capacity and affinity for arsenite and arsenate under specific conditions. Natural magnetite, mainly consisting of Fe3O4, has low activity itself, and is not efficient for direct treatment of high arsenic water. Reported in this paper, natural magnetite is modified by acidification, alkalization, and calcined at different temperatures for different periods, in order to enhance arsenic removal from water. Experimental results show that the modified magnetite acidified in 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid and calcined at 150℃ for 10 min, has high removal efficiencies for both As (Ⅲ) and As (Ⅴ). Removal efficiency was 98% for As (Ⅴ), whereas the removal efficiency was 75% for As (Ⅲ) with concentration decreases from 1000 μg/L to 250 μg/L (in Fig.2). The modified natural magnetite has stronger adsorption capacity for As than natural magnetite, and is identical to other modified iron minerals. In addition, the modification method is simple and convenient. Therefore, the modified natural magnetite would be a potential adsorbent for controlling arsenic content in high arsenic water.
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Key words:
- natural magnetite /
- chemical modification /
- water environment /
- arsenic adsorption
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表 1 含砷水在不同碱性处理磁铁矿作用下的砷含量和铁含量
Table 1. Contents of arsenic and iron in alkali-treated magnetite ore before and after the removal of As
改性条件 含砷水滤液中离子浓度含量 (μg/L) As (Ⅲ) 铁离子 As (Ⅴ) 铁离子 空白 1051 2.6 1031 3.2 未处理磁铁矿 1039 3.8 1048 2.9 0.1 mol/L碱处理后，
150℃灼烧10 min磁铁矿1056 3.1 1051 3.3 0.5 mol/L碱处理后，
150℃灼烧10 min磁铁矿1026 3.2 1038 3.4 1.0 mol/L碱处理后，
150℃灼烧10 min磁铁矿1044 2.3 1024 2.6 
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表 2 不同条件处理磁铁矿对含砷水的砷去除率
Table 2. Removal rate of As-containing water treated with modified magnetite
改性条件 水体中砷的去除率 (%) As (Ⅲ) As (Ⅴ) 不同浓度碱处理后，
150℃灼烧10 min磁铁矿0 0 0.1 mol/L盐酸处理后，
150℃灼烧10 min磁铁矿13.2 18.6 0.5 mol/L盐酸处理后，
150℃灼烧10 min磁铁矿66.9 98.1 1.0 mol/L盐酸处理后，
150℃灼烧10 min磁铁矿39.7 98.4
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表 3 不同种铁矿对As的吸附容量比较
Table 3. Comparison of adsorption capacity of As with various iron ore
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