Study on Pore Structure and Quantitative Parameters of the Paleocene-Cretaceous Sandstone Reservoir in Jiangling Depression by SEM and Mercury Injection Method
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摘要: 通过储集层的孔喉结构来评价储层已广泛运用于油气开发，但目前尚未运用于钾盐储层的评价。本文利用扫描电镜和压汞法获得的大量储层孔隙、孔喉实验数据，研究了江汉盆地古新统—白垩系富钾卤水砂岩储层的孔喉类型和结构、毛细管压力曲线，以及孔喉定量特征参数。研究表明，古新统沙市组砂岩储层以Ⅱ类孔隙结构为主，排驱压力平均值为2.72 MPa，孔隙度平均值为6.32%。而白垩系红花套组砂岩储层以Ⅰ、Ⅱ类孔隙结构为主，Ⅰ类排驱压力平均值为0.28 MPa，孔隙度平均值为16.99%，渗透率为87.79×10-3 μm2；Ⅱ类排驱压力平均值为1.103 MPa，孔隙度平均值为10.02%，渗透率为18.83×10-3 μm2。通过综合分析孔喉定量特征参数（如最大汞饱和度、最大孔喉半径、中值半径、退汞效率等）来评价储层质量，认为古新统沙市组砂岩类型以粉砂岩为主，储层质量较差，属于特低孔低渗储层；白垩系红花套组砂岩类型以细砂岩为主，储层质量较好，属于低孔低渗储层。本研究为该区富钾卤水储层评价以及进一步勘探开发提供了可靠的地质依据。Abstract: Evaluating reservoirs by pore structure has been widely used in oil and gas development, but this method has not yet been used in the evaluation of potassium salt reservoirs. The pore throat type and structure, capillary pressure curve, and quantitative feature parameters of pore throat of the Paleocene-Cretaceous-rich potassium-rich brine reservoir in Jianghan basin are studied by using a large number of reservoir porosity and pore throat data obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Mercury Intrusion. Combined with the discharge pressure and other experimental parameters, the pore structure is divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ types. The results show that the sandstone reservoirs of the Paleocene Shashi Formation are dominated by type Ⅱ pore structure with the average displacement pressure of 2.72 MPa and the average porosity of 6.32%. The sandstone reservoirs of the Cretaceous Honghuatao Formation are dominated by Ⅰ and Ⅱ pore structure types. The displacement pressure of type Ⅰ is 0.28 MPa, the average porosity is 16.99%, and the permeability is 87.79×10-3 μm2. The average displacement pressure of type Ⅱ is 1.103 MPa, the average porosity is 10.02%, and the permeability is 18.83×10-3 μm2. The quality of the reservoir was evaluated by a comprehensive analysis of pore throat quantitative parameters such as maximum mercury saturation, maximum pore throat radius, median radius and mercury recovery efficiency. It is believed that the sandstone type of the Paleocene Shashi Formation is dominated by siltstone, and the quality of the reservoir is poor, which belongs to the low porosity and low permeability reservoir. The sandstone type of the Cretaceous Honghuatao Formation is mainly fine sandstone, and the reservoir is of good quality and belongs to low porosity and low permeability reservoir. This study provides a reliable geological basis for the evaluation of potassium-rich brine reservoirs and for further exploration and development.
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表 1 研究区砂岩储层孔喉定量特征参数统计
Table 1. quantitative characteristic parameters of pore throat of sandstone reservoir in study area
特征参数 古新统沙市组 白垩系红花套组 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 孔喉均值系数 0.6525 5.4958 2.7472 0.1779 2.8956 1.4707 孔喉分选系数 0.9733 2.4819 1.6331 0.9616 2.39 1.7739 孔喉歪度 0.1222 2.4463 1.5508 0.8373 2.6756 1.8246 变异系数 0.2043 2.6053 0.7919 0.5234 11.1296 1.65 中值压力 (MPa) 0.7981 53.5506 19.9596 0.924 70.5385 11.0217 中值半径 (μm) 0.0137 0.9563 0.1693 0.0104 0.8228 0.2013 排驱压力 (MPa) 0.408 27.2 8.8944 0.136 3.4 0.9568 最大吼道半径 (μm) 0.027 1.8025 0.3333 0.2163 5.4074 1.6841 最大汞饱和度 (%) 21.4415 95.9483 68.6512 29.3904 94.9398 70.045 退汞效率 (%) 6.8259 43.3264 27.3973 19.7878 54.6585 35.1276 平均孔喉比 1.3081 13.6501 3.2455 0.8295 4.0536 2.0408 
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