Application of High-pressure Mercury Injection in Pore-throat Distribution Characterization and Early Productivity Evaluation of Tight Gas Reservoirs
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山西组致密气藏开发潜力巨大，准确评价储层孔喉结构是科学开发的基础，但目前关于其孔喉结构的研究较少。高压压汞实验能够以较低的成本实现对孔喉结构的有效表征，因此本文选取山西组致密砂岩储层的典型岩心进行高压压汞实验，采用退汞曲线代表喉道退汞过程和十进制毛管压力区间划分方法开展研究，进而根据孔喉半径分布曲线呈现出完全分离的双峰特征，定义了小孔喉区和大孔喉区，并分析其对物性参数的影响。实验结果分析表明：①总体孔喉和单独喉道主要发育的毛管压力区间均为0.1~1MPa和1~10MPa，喉道决定了孔喉配比和退汞效率；②小孔喉区相对体积占比平均为91.59%，大孔喉区相对体积占比平均为8.41%；③小孔喉区控制了储层的渗流能力，大孔喉区控制了储层的储容性。基于实验结果开展高压压汞的应用研究，进一步揭示小孔喉区决定了孔隙和喉道的发育程度，大孔喉区决定了气井的早期产能。本文研究表明，高压压汞实验在致密气藏完整孔喉分布和早期产能评价方面具有较好的应用前景，能够有效丰富关于致密气藏孔喉分布特征的认知，同时为致密气藏的科学开发提供了思路。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDThe development potential of tight gas reservoirs of the Shanxi Formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin is huge. High-pressure mercury injection has been one of the most important methods for analyzing the pore-throat structure, however, it has seldom been applied in this area. The high-pressure mercury injection experiment can effectively characterize the pore-throat structure at a lower cost. OBJECTIVESTo apply high-pressure mercury injection to characterize pore-throat distribution of the tight gas reservoirs in the southeastern Ordos Basin. METHODSTypical cores of tight gas reservoirs in the Shanxi Formation are selected for high-pressure mercury injection experiments. The research was carried out using the mercury withdrawal curve to represent the process of mercury withdrawal in the throat and the decimal capillary pressure interval division method, and then a completely separated double peak feature was shown according to the pore-throat radius distribution curves. The small and large pore-throat areas were defined, and their influence on physical property parameters was analyzed. RESULTSThe experiment results showed that the main capillary pressure ranges of the total pore-throat and the single pore-throat were 0.1-1MPa and 1-10MPa, respectively. The throat determined the pore-throat ratio and mercury ejection efficiency. The average relative volume of small and large pore-throat areas were 91.59% and 8.41%, respectively. The small pore-throat area controlled the reservoir seepage capacity, while the large pore-throat zone controlled the reservoir capacity. CONCLUSIONSBased on the experimental results, the application research of the high-pressure mercury injection method further revealed that the small pore-throat area determines the development of pores and throats, and the large pore-throat area determines the early productivity of gas wells. The research shows that the high-pressure mercury injection test has a good application prospect in the characterization of integral pore-throat distribution and early productivity evaluation of tight gas reservoirs, which can effectively enrich the knowledge about the distribution characteristics of tight gas reservoir pore-throat and provide ideas for scientific development in this area. -
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表 1 实验岩心基本参数
Table 1. Basic parameters of experiment cores
样品编号 取心深度(m) 层位 孔隙度(%) 渗透率(mD) 岩心1 2158.21 山1段 9.88 0.02 岩心2 2825.71 山1段 7.07 0.05 岩心3 2672.64 山2段 6.07 0.25 岩心4 2916.13 山1段 10.64 0.08 岩心5 2708.70 山2段 6.07 0.82 岩心6 2871.33 山2段 5.84 4.72 
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表 2 实验结果和评价参数
Table 2. Experimental results and evaluation parameters
样品编号 层位 小孔喉区绝对体积占比(%) 大孔喉区绝对体积占比(%) 可动流体饱和度(%) 压裂规模(m3) 岩心1 山1段 89.85 4.85 26.77 365.2 岩心2 山1段 79.74 8.47 57.75 356.5 岩心3 山2段 88.16 6.12 48.62 367.5 岩心4 山1段 92.95 5.06 43.07 360.6 岩心5 山2段 44.64 8.18 62.93 399.7 岩心6 山2段 88.10 8.29 81.44 366.1
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