Mineralogy Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Green Tourmaline in Tanzania
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摘要:
不同产地绿碧玺的产出特征、化学成分、致色机理和形成条件都存在差异。目前关于坦桑尼亚绿碧玺的矿物种属及颜色成因等问题还未得到解决，对其科学鉴定和品质评级造成了一定影响。本文采用红外光谱、拉曼光谱、电子探针、紫外可见光谱等测试技术，对坦桑尼亚绿碧玺宝石矿物学特征及颜色成因进行探究。结果表明：坦桑尼亚绿碧玺呈单晶体产出，无解理、裂理发育，颗粒较小，可作为宝石材料；根据晶体化学式初步判定坦桑尼亚绿色碧玺为镁电气石，而其他产地绿碧玺一般为锂电气石。该地区绿碧玺的主要化学成分为SiO2、Al2O3、MgO和B2O3，平均含量分别为37.52%、36.26%、9.65%和8.42%，此外FeO含量偏低，并含有微量的Cr2O3和TiO2，结合紫外可见光谱中存在以440nm和600nm为中心的宽吸收带及680nm的吸收线，认为其绿色是由微量Cr3+进入晶格中替代Al3+所致。本研究基本确定了坦桑尼亚绿碧玺的宝石矿物学特征及颜色成因，可为该地区绿碧玺的科学鉴定、品质评价及开发利用提供数据支撑。
Abstract:BACKGROUND There are differences in the production characteristics, chemical composition, coloration mechanism and formation conditions of green tourmaline from different producing areas. At present, the mineral species and coloration mechanism of Tanzanian green tourmaline have not been solved, which makes it difficult for its scientific identification and quality rating.
OBJECTIVES To study the mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanism of Tanzanian green tourmaline.
METHODS The mineral component was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Microtexture was characterized by polarized light microscopy. Electron probe microanalyzer, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy were applied to analyze the chemical composition.
RESULTS The main mineral component of tourmaline in Tanzania was MgO tourmaline, which was characterized by single crystal, small grain, no cleavage, and split development, and can be used as a gemstone. The main chemical component of green tourmaline was SiO2, Al2O3, MgO and B2O3, with average contents of 37.52%, 36.26%, 9.65% and 8.42%, respectively. In addition, it contained a small amount of FeO, Cr2O3 and TiO2. Combined with the absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet region of 440nm, 600nm and 680nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy, it was concluded that the tiny amounts of Cr3+ replacing Al3+ into the crystal lattice was the main cause of the green color.
CONCLUSIONS The mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanism of green tourmaline in Tanzania was confirmed, which provides a theoretical basis for the scientific identification, further quality evaluation and utilization.
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表 1 绿碧玺样品的化学成分
Table 1. Components in green tourmaline
成分 绿碧玺样品中各成分的含量(%) 样品BX-201 样品BX-202 样品BX-203 样品BX-204 平均值 SiO2 37.15 38.20 37.43 37.30 37.52 TiO2 0.45 0.66 0.43 0.40 0.46 Al2O3 36.44 35.98 36.23 36.39 36.26 B2O3 8.46 8.58 8.39 8.25 8.42 Cr2O3 0.06 0.16 0.05 0.07 0.08 MgO 9.73 9.55 9.70 9.63 9.65 CaO 0.76 0.74 0.68 0.72 0.73 FeO 0.06 0.12 0.10 0.05 0.08 Na2O 2.07 2.24 2.03 2.08 2.11 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 K2O 0.09 0.23 0.13 0.11 0.14 总和 95.27 96.22 95.17 95.00 95.42 
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