Application of Hyperspectral Scanning in Mineral Composition Analysis of Carbonate Rocks
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摘要:
矿物组成及其微观特征对研究油气藏的沉积环境、岩石骨架及储集空间等方面具有重要意义。本文利用高光谱扫描和扫描电镜矿物组成定量分析技术(QEMSCAN)，对羌塘盆地二叠系龙格组碳酸盐岩岩心样品的矿物组成、含量及其空间分布规律等进行研究，为羌塘盆地古生代碳酸盐储层油气藏评价提供矿物组成和微观特征方面的依据。结果表明：龙格组岩性以微晶灰岩和粒屑灰岩为主，矿物组成主要为方解石和白云石，两者含量之和普遍大于90%，其次为石英及少量的黏土矿物和长石。矿物组成具有明显纵向分段特征：上段方解石和白云石含量均较高；中段白云石含量较高，且白云化程度较为强烈，孔隙度和渗透率均有所下降；下段以方解石为主。黏土矿物特征分析显示，龙格组地层经历了复杂的沉积-成岩作用和后期热扰动作用及流体作用，这对该地区油气运移及保存有较强的影响。
Abstract:BACKGROUND Mineral composition and its microscopic characteristics are of great significance to the study of sedimentary environment, rock framework and reservoir space of oil and gas reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES To investigate the mineral composition, content and spatial distribution of carbonate core samples of the Permian Longge Formation and provide the basis for oil and gas evaluation of the Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in Qiangtang Basin.
METHODS The sample was analyzed by hyperspectral scanning and QEMSCAN.
RESULTS The Longge Formation is dominated by microcrystalline limestone and granulated limestone, and the minerals are mainly calcite and dolomite, the contents of which are generally greater than 90%, followed by quartz and a minor clay mineral and feldspar. The mineral composition has obvious characteristics of longitudinal segmentation. The contents of calcite and dolomite are higher in the upper section. The content of dolomite in the middle section is higher, and the degree of dolomization is relatively strong. The porosity and permeability of this section have decreased. The lower section is mainly composed of calcite. In addition, the analysis of clay mineral characteristics shows that the Longge Formation has experienced complex sedimentary-diagenesis and late thermal disturbance and fluid replacement, which has a strong impact on oil and gas migration and preservation in this area.
CONCLUSIONS Hyperspectral scanning technology can be used to quickly and efficiently interpret large-scale mineral features. QEMSCAN enables more precise and quantitative analysis of mineral microscopic features. The Longge Formation is dominated by carbonate and obviously affected by diagenesis and the local dolomization is strong. The oil and gas conditions in this formation are poor.
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Key words:
- mineral composition /
- hyperspectral scanning /
- QEMSCAN /
- carbonate rock /
- Permian Longe Formation
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表 1 矿物组成定量分析系统(QEMSCAN)设备技术参数
Table 1. Technical parameters of hardware equipment of QEMSCAN
参数 QEMSCAN分析系统工作条件 加速电压 0.2~30kV 探针电流 ≤200nA, 可连续调节 放大倍数 6~1.0×106倍 EDS采集角 35° 水平视场宽度 工作距离为10mm时，水平视场宽度为5mm，工作距离为65mm时，水平视场宽度为18.8mm 样品要求 直径≤150mm直径；高度≤60mm；质量≤2000g；360°旋转 分辨率 高真空模式：0.8nm(30kV，STEM)；1.0nm(30kV，SE)；2.5nm(30kV，BSE)；3.0nm(1kV，SE)；
低真空模式：1.4nm(30kV，SE)；2.5nm(30kV，BSE)；3.0nm(3kV，SE)
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表 2 羌资5井龙格组碳酸盐岩样品信息
Table 2. Information of carbonate rock samples from the Longge Formation in Qiangzi-5 Well
样品编号 深度(m) 岩性 LG-1 58.25 灰色微晶灰岩 LG-2 81.43 深灰色泥晶砂屑灰岩 LG-3 111.92 灰色灰质白云岩 LG-4 157.93 浅灰色泥晶灰岩 LG-5 160.43 灰色泥晶灰岩 LG-6 248.35 灰色泥晶砂屑灰岩 LG-7 282.83 灰色泥晶灰岩 LG-8 339.69 深灰色泥晶灰岩 LG-9 358.60 深灰色泥晶灰岩 LG-10 391.44 深灰色泥晶灰岩
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表 3 羌资5井龙格组碳酸盐岩样品主要矿物分析结果
Table 3. Main mineral composition analysis of carbonate rock sample from the Longe Formation in Qiangzi-5 Well
样品编号 岩性 矿物组成及含量 LG-1 微晶灰岩 方解石(96.71%)，石英(3.09%)，黄铁矿(0.09%) LG-2 泥晶砂屑灰岩 方解石(50.68%)，白云石(31.05%)，石英(10.68%)，菱铁矿(4.01%)，磷灰石(2.82%) LG-3 灰质白云岩 白云石(55.36%)，方解石(44.31%)，石英(0.15%) LG-4 泥晶灰岩 方解石(99.04%)，石英(0.89%)，伊利石(0.04%) LG-5 泥晶灰岩 方解石(99.33%)，石英(0.55%)，石膏(0.05%) LG-6 泥晶砂屑灰岩 方解石(87.76%)，石英(8.28%)，高岭石(1.96%) LG-7 泥晶灰岩 方解石(96.57%)，石英(2.43%)，高岭石(0.55%) LG-8 泥晶灰岩 方解石(92.82%)，石英(5.52%)，黄铁矿(0.82%) LG-9 泥晶灰岩 方解石(96.50%)，石英(3.35%)，高岭石(0.08%) LG-10 泥晶灰岩 方解石(98.62%)，石英(1.31%)，高岭石(0.02%)
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