Molybdenum Distribution Characteristics in Soil of Agricultural Land in Huaibei Plain of Anhui Province and Influencing Factors
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摘要:
钼作为植物固氮酶、硝酸还原酶与人体多种酶辅基的重要组成成分，对维持植物生长发育和人体健康具有重要作用。研究农用地土壤钼含量分布及其影响因素对土壤科学施肥、土壤钼有效性提升具有重要的现实意义。安徽省淮北平原位于中国华北平原缺钼土壤区，目前缺乏对该地区土壤钼含量及其驱动因素的系统研究。本文以淮北平原典型土壤区511km2为研究区域，按照1件样品/km2采集0~20cm深度表层土壤样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)等方法测定表层土壤中全钼、有效钼、TFe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、P、Mn及有机质含量与pH值等指标含量；利用统计学、相关性分析等方法系统研究土壤中全钼、有效钼含量和分布特征，并对制约土壤中全钼、有效钼分布特征的主要因素进行了探讨。结果表明：①砂姜黑土中全钼和有效钼含量以缺乏为主，全钼、有效钼缺乏土壤比例分别高达93.3%、87.3%；全钼含量主要受土壤pH值、Mn、TFe2O3、P及硅铝率(即土壤中氧化硅和氧化铝含量的比值)的影响，pH值、有机质为制约砂姜黑土有效钼含量较低的重要因素, pH值、有机质与有效钼之间的相关系数分别为-0.310、0.117；②潮土中全钼较缺乏、中等、较丰富土壤比例分别为31.2%、28.4%、21.1%，全钼含量主要受Mn、P、有机质的影响；有效钼缺乏土壤比例为86.2%，全钼含量低是有效钼含量缺乏的主控因素。综上所述，研究区土壤中有效钼含量总体缺乏，建议当地综合考虑土壤有效钼含量及其主要制约因素进行科学施肥，针对砂姜黑土应注重施用有机肥，潮土应合理施用钼肥。
Abstract:BACKGROUND As an important component of plant nitrogenase, nitrate reductase and human enzyme prosthetic groups, Mo plays an important role in maintaining plant growth and development, and human health. A previous study showed that total molybdenum in soil was mainly restricted by soil parent material and soil type, and effective molybdenum was mainly affected by total molybdenum content, soil texture, pH value and organic matter (Liu Peng, 2001; Wei Minghui, 2020; Xia Yan, 2021). The Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province is located in the molybdenum deficient soil area of the North China Plain. At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the molybdenum content and its driving factors in the soil in this area. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the distribution of soil molybdenum content and its influencing factors in agricultural land for scientific fertilization and improvement of soil molybdenum availability.
OBJECTIVES To study the content and spatial distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in different types of soil, and deeply analyze the main factors restricting the distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in surface soil and put forward scientific suggestions for scientific fertilization of soil and improvement of soil molybdenum availability.
METHODS When the crops were mature, surface soil samples with a depth of 0-20cm were collected, and the sampling density was one sample/km2. The contents of total molybdenum, available molybdenum, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, phosphorus, manganese, organic matter and pH value in soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and other methods. The content and spatial distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in soil were studied by using statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and other methods, and the main factors restricting the distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in soil were analyzed and revealed.
RESULTS The contents of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in lime concretion black soil were mainly deficient, and the proportion of total molybdenum and available molybdenum deficiency in soil was 93.3% and 87.3%, respectively. The correlation coefficients of total molybdenum content with pH value, manganese, iron oxide, phosphorus, and silicon and aluminum ratio (i.e. the ratio of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide content in the soil) in lime concretion black soil were 0.268, 0.213, 0.189, 0.153 and -0.199 respectively, and the correlation coefficients of available molybdenum in lime concretion black soil with pH value and organic matter were -0.310 and 0.117, respectively. The proportion of slightly deficient, moderate, and slightly enriched total molybdenum content in fluvo-aquic soil was 31.2%, 28.4% and 21.1% respectively, and the correlation coefficients of total molybdenum content with manganese, phosphorus and organic matter in fluvo-aquic soil were 0.611, 0.330 and 0.205 respectively. The proportion of soil area lacking available molybdenum content in fluvo-aquic soil was 86.2%, and the correlation coefficient between total molybdenum and available molybdenum content in fluvo-aquic soil was 0.166.
CONCLUSIONS The low content of total molybdenum in lime concretion black soil was mainly affected by soil pH, manganese, iron oxide, phosphorus, and silicon and aluminum ratio. The pH value and organic matter are important factors that restrict the low content of available molybdenum in lime concretion black soil. The content of total molybdenum in fluvo-aquic soil was significantly related to manganese, phosphorus and organic matter. The low content of total molybdenum was an important factor for the deficiency of available molybdenum in fluvo-aquic soil. It is suggested that scientific fertilization should be carried out by comprehensively considering the content of available molybdenum in soil and its main limiting factors, in which organic fertilizer should be applied to the lime concretion black, and molybdenum fertilizer should be applied reasonably to the fluvo-aquic soil.
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表 1 土壤中全钼、有效钼等指标分析测试的检出限
Table 1. Detection limit of total molybdenum, available molybdenum and other indicators in soil
分析指标 检出限 分析指标 检出限 全钼 0.2mg/kg SiO2 0.05% 有效钼 0.005mg/kg P 8mg/kg TFe2O3 0.05% Mn 5mg/kg Al2O3 0.05% pH 0.1 
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表 2 研究区土壤全钼、有效钼及其相关理化指标含量参数
Table 2. Contents of the total molybdenum and available molybdenum and its related physical and chemical indicators in soil of the study area
成土母质 土壤类型 参数 全钼
(mg/kg)有效钼
(mg/kg)钼有效度
(%)相关土壤理化性状指标 P
(mg/kg)TFe2O3
(mg/kg)Mn
(mg/kg)有机质
(%)pH值 硅铝率 全区
(N=511)最小值 0.33 0.025 3.68 352 4.11 301 0.43 4.90 3.76 最大值 0.99 0.680 88.25 1591 6.20 1096 3.24 8.51 5.70 算术平均值 0.46 0.072 15.94 741 4.81 634 1.76 - 4.88 中位数 0.43 0.061 13.64 699 4.69 624 1.76 7.31 4.97 标准离差 0.09 0.05 8.81 211.96 0.45 134.57 0.39 1.04 0.41 变异系数 0.21 0.64 0.55 0.29 0.09 0.21 0.22 0.15 0.08 黄土母质
(N=402)砂姜黑土 最小值 0.33 0.026 5.06 352 4.11 301 0.48 4.90 4.34 最大值 0.87 0.680 88.25 1276 5.40 1096 3.24 8.51 5.70 算术平均值 0.42 0.070 16.51 671 4.65 592 1.72 - 5.03 中位数 0.42 0.057 13.64 648 4.60 600 1.71 6.81 5.04 标准离差 0.05 0.05 9.56 156.14 0.26 108.85 0.39 1.00 0.27 变异系数 0.12 0.71 0.58 0.23 0.06 0.18 0.23 0.15 0.05 河流冲积物
(N=109)潮土 最小值 0.34 0.025 3.68 612 4.73 511 0.43 7.04 3.76 最大值 0.99 0.151 26.84 1591 6.20 974 2.59 8.45 4.98 算术平均值 0.57 0.077 13.84 998 5.42 786 1.90 - 4.35 中位数 0.56 0.074 13.59 989 5.38 800 1.90 8.15 4.34 标准离差 0.12 0.02 4.61 191.97 0.49 108.87 0.38 0.16 0.38 变异系数 0.21 0.31 0.33 0.19 0.09 0.14 0.20 0.02 0.09 注：硅铝率为w(SiO2)/w(Al2O3)，钼的有效度指土壤中有效钼占全钼含量的比例。
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表 3 土壤中全钼、有效钼等指标含量的相关系数
Table 3. Correlation coefficients between total molybdenum, available molybdenum and other physical and chemical indexes in soil
土壤类型 指标 全钼 有效钼 钼的有效度 P TFe2O3 Mn 有机质 硅铝率 pH 潮土
(N=109)全钼 1.000 有效钼 0.166** 1.000 钼的有效度 -0.478** 0.751** 1.000 P 0.330** 0.090 -0.184 1.000 TFe2O3 0.031 -0.123 -0.157 -0.096 1.000 Mn 0.611** -0.160 -0.549** 0.245* 0.415** 1.000 有机质 0.205* -0.104 -0.223* 0.450** 0.237* 0.450** 1.000 硅铝率 -0.082 0.090 0.164 0.046 -0.984** -0.431** -0.239* 1.000 pH 0.194* 0.000 -0.234* -0.023 0.125 0.074 -0.303** -0.169 1.000 砂姜黑土
(N=402)全钼 1.000 有效钼 0.067 1.000 钼的有效度 -0.128* 0.965** 1.000 P 0.153** -0.075 -0.075 1.000 TFe2O3 0.189** -0.058 -0.095 0.372** 1.000 Mn 0.213** -0.031 -0.058 0.360** 0.172** 1.000 有机质 0.084 0.117* 0.135** 0.478** 0.082 -0.013 1.000 硅铝率 -0.199** 0.060 0.099* -0.338** -0.962** -0.087 -0.112* 1.000 pH 0.268** -0.310** -0.373** 0.247** 0.407** 0.353** -0.382** -0.382** 1.000 注：“**”表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关，“*”表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关。
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