中国地质学会岩矿测试技术专业委员会、国家地质实验测试中心主办

河北西石门铁矿区土壤重金属污染空间分析及风险评价

赵恒谦, 常仁强, 金倩, 吴艳花, 王雪飞, 马会春, 李美钰, 付含聪. 河北西石门铁矿区土壤重金属污染空间分析及风险评价[J]. 岩矿测试, 2023, 42(2): 371-382. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202203290066
引用本文: 赵恒谦, 常仁强, 金倩, 吴艳花, 王雪飞, 马会春, 李美钰, 付含聪. 河北西石门铁矿区土壤重金属污染空间分析及风险评价[J]. 岩矿测试, 2023, 42(2): 371-382. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202203290066
ZHAO Hengqian, CHANG Renqiang, JIN Qian, WU Yanhua, WANG Xuefei, MA Huichun, LI Meiyu, FU Hancong. Spatial Analysis and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Xishimen Iron Mining Area of Hebei Province[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2023, 42(2): 371-382. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202203290066
Citation: ZHAO Hengqian, CHANG Renqiang, JIN Qian, WU Yanhua, WANG Xuefei, MA Huichun, LI Meiyu, FU Hancong. Spatial Analysis and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Xishimen Iron Mining Area of Hebei Province[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2023, 42(2): 371-382. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202203290066

河北西石门铁矿区土壤重金属污染空间分析及风险评价

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41971401);河北省地矿局地质科研项目(454-0601-YBN-DONH);中国矿业大学(北京)越崎青年学者(2020QN07)
详细信息
    作者简介: 赵恒谦,博士,副教授,从事矿区资源与环境分析、高光谱定量反演模型、光谱吸收特征提取算法等研究。E-mail: zhaohq@cumtb.edu.cn
    通讯作者: 金倩,高级工程师,从事实验测试分析工作。E-mail: 13373121110@163.com
  • 中图分类号: O657.63;X53

Spatial Analysis and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Xishimen Iron Mining Area of Hebei Province

More Information
  • 矿区土壤重金属污染严重威胁着生态环境和周边居民的健康,对其进行有效监管意义重大。河北西石门铁矿是邯邢地区的大型磁铁矿床,针对该矿区土壤重金属污染亟待开展综合研究。本文以西石门铁矿一号矿区为研究对象,利用地球化学、统计学、地理信息学等多学科技术,对9种典型土壤重金属的空间分布和污染风险进行分析。采用ICP-MS测定重金属含量,通过描述性统计分析、多元统计分析和空间插值分析得到重金属超标率、污染来源及空间分布特征,并结合单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、潜在生态危害指数评价其污染风险。描述性统计分析结果显示,矿区土壤Co的超标率为75.83%,属重度污染,Cu、Cd、As的超标率分别为14.70%、21.40%和13.29%,属中轻度污染,Cr、Ni、Zn、Pb和Hg的超标率均低于5%,属轻度污染;多元统计分析结果显示,Cr、Ni、Zn、Cd、As和Pb来源于成矿区自然风化环境污染,Co和Cu来源于采矿生产、化肥使用造成的人为环境污染,Hg来源于人为因素造成的局部污染;空间插值分析结果显示,重金属含量在马会河两岸露天采矿区较高,在河流和居民区较低;污染风险评估结果显示,研究区内梅罗综合污染指数为13.49,综合生态风险指数为55.50。该矿区存在人为因素导致的Hg、Co、Cu污染,需要重点关注并开展治理工作;该矿区的重金属污染属重度,但生态风险仍处于可控范围。

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  • 图 1  研究区采样点位示意图

    Figure 1. 

    图 2  研究区重金属元素(a)Cr、(b)Co、(c)Ni、(d)Cu、(e)Zn、(f)Cd、(g)Pb、(h)As、(i)Hg含量空间分布图

    Figure 2. 

    图 3  研究区土壤重金属元素主成分载荷

    Figure 3. 

    图 4  研究区重金属单因子污染指数空间分布图

    Figure 4. 

    表 1  土壤重金属元素含量统计结果

    Table 1.  Statistical results of heavy metal element contents in soil

    统计参数 Cr Co Ni Cu Zn Cd Pb As Hg
    平均值(mg/kg) 38.15 17.18 19.01 27.65 53.53 0.12 15.81 10.44 0.055
    最小值(mg/kg) 5.94 2.67 2.76 2.44 10.5 0.018 1.24 0.17 0.004
    最大值(mg/kg) 102 121 44.7 172 176 0.50 105 35.20 5.30
    标准差(mg/kg) 23.22 11.54 11.19 21.00 27.81 0.08 13.29 5.14 0.293
    变异系数(%) 60.86 67.19 58.89 75.94 51.95 67.24 84.08 49.26 532.73
    自然背景值(mg/kg) 90 12.7[23] 40 35 100 0.20 35 15 0.15
    土壤质量筛选值(mg/kg) 250 15 190 100 300 0.6 170 25 3.4
    超标率(%) 0.30 75.83 0.90 14.70 3.60 21.40 3.00 13.29 1.81
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  土壤重金属元素间的相关系数

    Table 2.  Correlation coefficients of heavy metal elements in soil

    重金属元素 Cr Co Ni Cu Zn Cd Pb As Hg
    Cr 1 -0.049 0.947** 0.082 0.820** 0.783** 0.797** 0.463** 0.034
    Co 1 0.110 0.645** 0.048 -0.016 -0.062 0.129 0.036
    Ni 1 0.157 0.847** 0.810** 0.797** 0.536** 0.041
    Cu 1 0.184 0.133 0.116 0.093 0.034
    Zn 1 0.867** 0.909** 0.461** 0.047
    Cd 1 0.854** 0.437** 0.055
    Pb 1 0.387** 0.039
    As 1 0.025
    Hg 1
    注:“**”表示在0.01水平(双侧)上极显著相关。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  土壤重金属含量主成分分析成分矩阵

    Table 3.  Component matrix of principal component analysis of heavy metal contents in soil

    重金属 初始因子载荷 旋转后因子载荷
    F1 F2 F1 F2
    Cr 0.921 -0.121 0.929 0.016
    Co 0.064 0.914 -0.071 0.914
    Ni 0.946 0.014 0.934 0.153
    Cu 0.196 0.873 0.065 0.892
    Zn 0.945 -0.015 0.937 0.124
    Cd 0.913 -0.077 0.914 0.058
    Pb 0.914 -0.120 0.922 0.015
    As 0.582 0.100 0.561 0.185
    Hg 0.061 0.079 0.049 0.088
    方差贡献率(%) 52.127 18.334 51.395 19.066
    累积方差贡献率(%) 52.127 70.461 51.395 70.461
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  重金属潜在生态危害指数

    Table 4.  Potential ecological hazard index of heavy metals

    重金属元素 Eri 重金属元素 Eri
    Cr 0.85 Cd 18.06
    Co 5.73 Pb 2.26
    Ni 2.38 As 6.96
    Cu 3.95 Hg 14.79
    Zn 0.54 RI 55.50
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 5  Hakanson潜在生态风险分级标准

    Table 5.  Grading standards of Hakanson potential ecological risk

    单项生态风险因子(Eri) 综合生态危害指数(RI)
    等级 得分 等级 得分
    低生态风险 < 40 低生态风险 < 150
    中等生态风险 40~80 中等生态风险 150~300
    较高生态风险 80~160 高生态风险 300~600
    高生态风险 160~320 极高生态风险 >600
    极高生态风险 >320
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
收稿日期:  2022-03-29
修回日期:  2022-05-06
刊出日期:  2023-03-28

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