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摘要:
煤层作为岩石圈重要的碳库，被岩浆破坏和吞噬，直接加速了地质历史上岩石圈的碳循环。为揭示该过程中接触变质煤微形貌的变化过程和原因，本研究采集了皖北袁店二矿岩体外围不同热变质程度的接触变质煤样品，进行了煤质分析、可溶有机组分分离、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）、偏光显微镜(PLM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等实验。结果显示，趋近岩体，样品挥发份、氢、氮、可溶有机质含量减少；灰分产率和镜质组反射率增加；可溶芳烃当中萘系列相对含量降低，菲系列相对含量升高。未受影响煤和浅热变质煤显微组分主要由胶质结构体组成，后者裂隙发育。天然焦主要由镶嵌结构体组成，局部发育形状不规则的脱挥发孔，孔径多介于20µm×50µm至50µm×150µm。火夹焦主要由多孔炭和炭微球组成：多孔炭富含圆形-椭圆形气孔，孔径多介于0.5～3µm，炭微球群发育在裂隙以及气孔内壁上。分析表明，趋近岩体，煤层热变质程度持续增加：浅热变质煤是煤层受较弱热变质而脆性断裂的产物；天然焦是浅热变质煤脱挥发份、塑性形变所致；火夹焦是天然焦被岩浆进一步中间相化的结果。因此，本文认为，接触变质煤消失过程中微形貌的变化是煤岩组分热蚀变、脱挥发份、中间相化的过程。
Abstract:BACKGROUND During tectonic movements and geological activities, coal seams are destroyed and engulfed by magma, which not only accelerates the slow carbon cycling process in geological history, but also changes and disrupts the carbon cycling balance of the lithosphere at that time. As a global period of tectonic magmatism in the Mesozoic, the Yanshan period magma intruded into the Mesozoic coal-bearing basins and intruded and engulfed coal seams on a large scale.
OBJECTIVES To reveal the process and reasons for the change of contact metamorphic coal micromorphology during the process.
METHODS Contact metamorphic coal samples with different degrees of thermal metamorphism at the periphery of the Yuandian Ⅱ mine in northern Anhui Province were collected and subjected to coal quality analysis, organic fraction separation, GC-MS, polarized light microscopy (PLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS Toward the rock, the contents of volatile, hydrogen, nitrogen and soluble organic matter of the sample decreases; ash yield and mirror group reflectance increases; relative content of naphthalene series decreases; relative content of phenanthrene series among soluble aromatics increases. The microfractions of unaffected coal and shallow thermal metamorphic coal consist mainly of colloidal structural bodies, and the latter is fracture developed. The natural coke is composed mainly of mosaic structure with irregularly shaped devolatilized pores, and the pore sizes range from 20µm×50µm to 50µm×150µm. The magma coke is composed mainly of porous carbon and carbon microspheres: the porous carbon is rich in round-elliptical pores, the pore sizes range from 0.5 to 3µm, and the carbon microspheres are developed on the fissures and the inner wall of the pores.
CONCLUSIONS Tending to the rock, the degree of thermal metamorphism of coal seams continues to increase: Shallow thermally metamorphosed coals are the products of brittle fracture of coal seams subjected to weaker thermal metamorphism; Natural coke is the result of volatile fraction removal and plastic deformation of shallow thermally metamorphosed coals; Magma coke is the result of further intermediate phase transformation of natural coke by magma. Therefore, the change of contact metamorphic coal micromorphology is considered to be caused by the process of thermal alteration, devolatilization and intermediate phase transformation of coal rock components.
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表 1 袁店二矿8-3采区7-2煤层7238工作面样品基本特征
Table 1. Coal quality parameters of metamorphic coal from 7238 working face samples of 7-2 coal seam in 8-3 mining area of Yuandian No.2 coal mine.
样品
编号样品类型 工业分析指标(%) 元素分析指标(%) Rr Mad Ad Vdaf Cd Hd Nd YE01 火夹焦 1.47 21.33 8.06 60.39 1.28 0.96 3.19 YE02 天然焦 1.85 11.93 7.29 71.52 1.76 1.44 2.31 YE03 浅热变质煤 1.01 11.44 20.47 72.38 3.30 1.53 1.43 YE04 未受影响煤 1.18 6.30 34.90 75.31 4.62 1.72 0.96 YE05 未受影响煤 1.31 7.84 34.08 73.47 4.48 1.63 0.95 YE06 未受影响煤 1.07 7.71 32.41 72.45 4.40 1.60 0.90 注：Mad—水分(空气干燥基)； Ad—灰分(干燥基)； Vdaf—挥发份(干燥无灰基)； Cd—碳(干燥基)； Hd—氢(干燥基)； Nd—氮(干燥基)；Rr—镜质组平均随机反射率。
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表 2 袁店二矿8-3采区7-2煤层7238工作面样品可溶有机质含量
Table 2. Content of organic extracts of metamorphic coal from working face 7238 of coal seam 7-2 in mining area 8-3 of Yuandian No.2 coal mine.
样品编号 有机质含量
(mg/g)有机组分含量(mg/g) 饱和烃 芳香烃 极性物 YE01 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.03 YE02 0.18 0.09 0.03 0.06 YE03 6.77 1.07 2.29 3.41 YE04 7.91 1.31 2.70 3.90
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