Relationship between Available State and Forms of Selenium and Zinc in Farmland Soil of Luoyang City and Its Influencing Factors
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摘要:
农田土壤中元素的形态和有效态是评价元素活动性的重要指标。不同研究者利用有效态来代表哪几种形态大多是引用文献，两者之间的关系缺少专门的研究资料参考，影响了土地质量评价的精准度。本文按照国家相关分析标准，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）等分析方法对河南洛阳市农田土壤Se高背景区土壤中Se、Zn的有效态和不同形态进行分析，采用含量对比、相关性分析、回归分析等统计方法以及地质背景分析进行研究。结果表明，农田土壤中有效态Zn的平均含量为3.63mg/kg，高于(水溶态+离子态+碳酸盐态)Zn的平均含量2.74mg/kg，远高于(水溶态+离子态)Zn的平均含量0.42mg/kg。有效态Zn可以用水溶态、离子态、碳酸盐态Zn之和代表。在玄武岩区发育的农田土壤中有效态Zn含量为0.023mg/kg，与水溶态Zn含量0.027mg/kg相当，具有低活性特征。种植小麦的农田土壤中有效态Se平均含量为0.019mg/kg，水溶态、离子态、碳酸盐态Se含量之和平均值为0.019mg/kg，Se的有效态可以用水溶态、离子态、碳酸盐态之和代替。种植玉米、谷子、芝麻、花生、红薯的农田土壤中，有效态Se平均含量分别为0.006mg/kg、0.007mg/kg、0.007mg/kg、0.009mg/kg、0.007mg/kg。水溶态、离子态Se之和的平均含量分别为0.009mg/kg、0.010mg/kg、0.013mg/kg、0.007mg/kg、0.010mg/kg，这些农作物种植的土壤中Se的有效态可以用水溶态、离子态之和代替。农田土壤中Se、Zn的有效态及形态主要受全量的影响，同时受种植农作物、pH和有机质的影响。对于农田土壤，利用形态代替有效态进行Se、Zn的有效性评价时，需要结合农业种植、土壤理化性质等因素进行考虑。
Abstract:The form and available state of elements are important indexes to evaluate the activity of elements. Research on the relationship between the available state and form of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in farmland soil is an important basis for accurate land quality evaluation. In this paper, the available states and different forms of Se and Zn in the soil of high Se background area in Luoyang farmland were studied. The results show that the available Se in wheat soil can be replaced by the sum of water-soluble state, ion state and carbonate state. The available Se in the soil of corn, millet, sesame, peanut and sweet potato can be replaced by the sum of water-soluble state and ion state. Available Zn can be represented by the sum of water-soluble, ionic and carbonate states. The active Zn in the farmland soil developed in the basalt area was low and similar to the water-soluble Zn. The available state and forms of Se and Zn in farmland soil were mainly affected by total amount, but also by cultivated crops, pH and organic matter. It is necessary to consider agricultural planting, pH and organic matter to evaluate the availability of Se and Zn by using the form instead of the available state in farmland soil. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at
http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202308210139 .-
Key words:
- farmland soil; Luoyang City /
- ICP-MS /
- selenium /
- zinc /
- effective state /
- form
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表 1 分析方法检出限、准确度、精密度和报出率
Table 1. Detection limits, accuracy, precision and yield of analytical methods.
检测项目 分析方法 检出限
(mg/kg)准确度
(△lgC)RSD
(%)全部样品
报出率(%)全量Se AFS 0.01 0.006 6.01 100 全量Zn ICP-MS 3 0.006 5.32 100 pH ISE 0.1(无量纲) 0.003 3.88 100 有机质 VOL 0.17(%) 0.005 5.19 100 有效态Se AFS 0.001 0.01 5.41 100 有效态Zn ICP-MS 0.02 0.05 3.90 100 
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表 2 Se和Zn元素各形态分析精密度
Table 2. Analysis precision of Se and Zn morphologic elements
元素 参数 元素形态 水溶态 离子态 碳酸
盐态腐植
酸态铁锰
结合态强有机
结合态残渣态 Se RSD (%) 3.87 5.05 6.89 3.16 4.29 7.21 2.71 全部样品
报出率(%)74.36 71.79 53.85 100 92.31 100 100 Zn RSD (%) 4.17 2.26 1.94 1.74 1.23 1.34 0.41 全部样品
报出率(%)48.72 100 100 100 100 100 100
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表 3 研究区土壤中Se和Zn含量特征(n=37)
Table 3. Characteristics of Se and Zn contents in soil of the study area (n=37).
项目 单位 最小值 最大值 均值 标准
偏差变异
系数pH 无量纲 5.43 8.27 7.5 0.63 0.08 有机质 % 1.12 4.89 2.52 0.83 0.33 CEC mol/l 12.9 30.89 21.85 5.03 0.23 全量Se mg/kg 0.14 0.96 0.37 0.15 0.42 有效态Se mg/kg 0.005 0.049 0.01 0.009 0.88 水溶态Se mg/kg 0.0003 0.015 0.004 0.003 0.72 离子态Se mg/kg 0.002 0.01 0.006 0.002 0.39 (水溶态+离子态)Se mg/kg 0.004 0.025 0.01 0.004 0.41 有效态Se/
(水溶态+离子态)Se无量纲 0.45 3.36 1.13 0.79 0.7 碳酸盐态Se mg/kg 0.001 0.023 0.006 0.005 0.8 (水溶态+离子态+
碳酸盐态)Semg/kg 0.006 0.048 0.016 0.008 0.49 有效态Se/(水溶态+
离子态+碳酸盐态)Se无量纲 0.26 1.53 0.65 0.31 0.48 腐植酸态Se mg/kg 0.042 0.19 0.12 0.025 0.21 铁锰结合态Se mg/kg 0.004 0.014 0.007 0.002 0.3 强有机态Se mg/kg 0.008 0.48 0.1 0.091 0.9 残渣态Se mg/kg 0.056 0.23 0.11 0.036 0.32 全量Zn mg/kg 53.3 294 85.35 39.61 0.46 有效态Zn mg/kg 0.02 22.1 3.63 4.83 1.33 水溶态Zn mg/kg 0.004 0.5 0.087 0.11 1.25 离子态Zn mg/kg 0.11 1.77 0.33 0.4 1.2 (水溶态+离子态)Zn mg/kg 0.13 2.11 0.42 0.49 1.16 有效态Zn/
(水溶态+
离子态)Zn无量纲 0.12 52.54 11.12 11.2 1.01 碳酸盐态Zn mg/kg 0.71 14.36 2.32 2.81 1.21 (水溶态+离子态+
碳酸盐态)Znmg/kg 0.83 14.78 2.74 2.92 1.07 有效态Zn/(水溶态+
离子态+碳酸盐态)Zn无量纲 0.015 3.2 1.18 0.65 0.55 腐植酸态Zn mg/kg 2.16 17.41 4.53 2.79 0.62 铁锰氧化态Zn mg/kg 4 65.51 9.94 9.87 0.99 强有机态Zn mg/kg 1.26 37.52 3.6 5.89 1.64 残渣态Zn mg/kg 41.2 114.06 64.43 14.65 0.23
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表 4 玄武岩区农田土壤有效态Zn含量特征
Table 4. Characteristics of available Zn content in farmland soil in basalt area.
采样
点号农作物 Zn含量(mg/kg) 作物
含量土壤
全量有效态 水溶态 离子态 水溶态+
离子态23 花生 46.81 74.4 0.02 0.04 0.12 0.16 31 小麦 39.00 75.2 0.02 0.03 0.15 0.17 24 芝麻 59.72 79.4 0.03 0.01 0.16 0.17 平均值 48.51 76.333 0.023 0.027 0.143 0.167
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表 5 不同农作物种植区土壤中Se、Zn有效态与其他形态含量对比
Table 5. Comparison between available state and other forms of Se and Zn in soil from different crop growing areas.
农作物 Se含量(mg/kg) Zn含量(mg/kg) 全量 有效态 水溶态+离子态 水溶态+离子态+碳酸盐态 全量 有效态 水溶态+离子态 水溶态+离子态+碳酸盐态 小麦 0.49 0.019 0.011 0.019 106.77 6.541 0.557 3.805 玉米 0.30 0.006 0.009 0.013 77.28 3.061 0.622 2.819 谷子 0.30 0.007 0.010 0.015 74.05 1.274 0.315 1.492 芝麻 0.31 0.007 0.013 0.017 79.24 1.149 0.152 1.258 花生 0.30 0.009 0.007 0.014 67.56 2.063 0.216 1.803 红薯 0.24 0.007 0.010 0.017 82.26 6.276 0.381 5.357
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表 6 不同农作物种植区土壤有效态Se与各指标相关性
Table 6. Correlation between soil available Se and various indexes in different crop growing areas.
项目 芝麻土壤
有效态Se谷子土壤
有效态Se小麦土壤
有效态Se玉米土壤
有效态Se全部土壤
有效态SepH −0.742 0.273 0.357 0.554 0.206 有机质 0.526 −0.659 0.547 −0.045 0.593** CEC 0.838 0.536 −0.364 −0.457 0.224 全量Se 0.679 −0.494 0.629* 0.248 0.728** 水溶态Se −0.695 0.217 0.727* 0.719 0.642** 离子态Se −0.975** 0.133 0.535 −0.028 0.133 碳酸盐态Se −0.170 0.580 0.957** 0.506 0.802** 腐植酸态Se 0.206 −0.719* 0.345 0.379 0.558** 铁锰态Se −0.365 0.385 −0.107 0.128 0.136 强有机态Se 0.721 −0.106 0.686* −0.025 0.766** 残渣态Se 0.673 −0.446 0.102 0.433 0.340*
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表 7 不同农作物种植区土壤有效态Zn与各指标相关性
Table 7. Correlation table between soil available Zn and various indexes in different crop growing areas.
项目 芝麻土壤
有效态Zn谷子土壤
有效态Zn小麦土壤
有效态Zn玉米土壤
有效态Zn全部土壤
有效态ZnpH 0.407 −0.558 0.117 0.288 0.061 有机质 0.563 0.190 0.409 −0.818* 0.429** CEC 0.015 −0.224 −0.424 −0.038 −0.372* 全量Se 0.432 −0.133 0.844** 0.684 0.801** 水溶态Se −0.237 0.543 0.128 −0.440 0.204 离子态Se −0.286 0.466 0.333 −0.380 0.291 碳酸盐态Se 0.016 0.897** 0.861** 0.906** 0.872** 腐植酸态Se 0.640 0.784* 0.848** 0.778* 0.888** 铁锰态Se 0.352 0.357 0.789** 0.767* 0.785** 强有机态Se 0.580 0.524 0.761** 0.147 0.726** 残渣态Se 0.279 −0.320 0.850** 0.637 0.582**
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