Impact of water regulation of the Yellow River on the hydrological characteristics of the estuary and sedimentary effects in 2020
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摘要:
由于水利工程的影响，黄河的调水调沙通常都集中在较短的时间内进行，大量的泥沙与淡水输入到黄河口海域，使得该区域成为水文要素特征和地貌变化最为剧烈的区域之一。根据2020年大量的水文实测和地形资料，分析了黄河口海域温度、盐度时空分布变化规律和水下地形冲淤演变特征，探讨了黄河入海水沙对黄河口海域盐度分布和水下地形的影响。研究发现，2020年黄河水量调度极大改变了河口盐度及其分布，低流量时期盐度整体较高，低盐区分布范围有限；高流量时期盐度显著降低，低盐区水体范围明显扩大，满足了河口环境水流需求。黄河口海域2019—2021年整体呈淤积状态，现行河口区出现淤积，而孤东近岸、老河口区及离岸较深的海域呈冲刷状态，入海泥沙情势的变化对河口及毗邻海域的冲淤特征起着主导作用。
Abstract:Due to the influence of water conservancy projects, the water and sediment regulation of the Yellow River is usually carried out in a relatively short period of time, and a large amount of sediment and fresh water are transported to the adjacent areas off the Yellow River Estuary, which resulted in the most dramatic changes in hydrological characteristics and geomorphology. Based on a large number of measured data in 2020, the temporal and spatial distribution of temperature and salinity, and the evolution of submarine topography were analyzed in detail, and the influence of water and sediment of the Yellow River on salinity distribution and underwater topography were discussed. Results show that the water regulation of the Yellow River has greatly changed the salinity distribution. The salinity is higher in low flow period, and the distribution range of low salinity area is limited. During the period of high discharge, the salinity decreased significantly, and the water range in the low salinity area expanded significantly, which satisfied the flow demand of the estuary environment. The submerged delta has undergone significant deposition. The accretion trend occurred in the active submerged delta in 2019-2021, while the erosion appeared in the old Qingshuigou submerged delta, the Gudong littoral zone, and deeper offshore area. Runoff and sediment load have been playing dominant roles in accretion and erosion characteristics of the adjacent areas off the estuary.
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表 1 6月份和7月份航次表层盐度等值线包围面积
Table 1. The enclosed area of surface salinity contour in June and July cruises
盐度等值线 6月份航次面积/km2 7月份航次面积/km2 20 0.2 191.1 21 3.4 276.0 22 7.7 370.0 23 14.7 543.6 24 24.2 856.8 25 40.0 1170.6 26 139.1 1526.5 27 364.2 2707.3 28 1169.1 4061.7 29 3320.8 4665.2 30 5376.2 5086.6 
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