A study of the micro-macro-physical and mechanical properties of silty mudstone in the bottom drum section of a railway tunnel
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摘要: 西南地区YD隧道在运营期间隧道底部多段发生隆起变形，造成无砟轨道板开裂，导致轨道结构受损不稳定，影响行车安全。为了探明其底鼓原因，现对底鼓段紫红色缓倾层状粉砂质泥岩进行微宏观工程特性研究，分析其对隧道底鼓的影响。采用室内试验的方法，对该处粉砂质泥岩的物质组成成分、微观结构、膨胀性、抗剪抗压强度、压缩变形等围岩性质开展全面试验，并对围岩地应力、水文地质条件进行现场调查。试验和调查结果表明：研究区围岩根据岩石质量评价标准可以判定为Ⅳ级围岩；其岩石成分主要为伊利石、石英、绿泥石等，不含蒙脱石这种膨胀性黏土矿物，自由膨胀率最大为1.96%，不具备膨胀性；岩石的层理面上分布有2~8 μm大小的孔隙，岩石内部存在长度为3~8 μm的原生裂纹；岩石的单轴饱和抗压强度为11.3~21.8 MPa，属于较软岩；岩石的物理力学参数受含水量的影响较大，随着含水量的增加，内聚力缩减50%，抗压强度缩减了45%~55%，弹性模量缩减了50%。研究结果显示研究区岩体在水理作用下岩石强度会大幅度降低，但不含膨胀性矿物，不具备膨胀性。且根据现场监测，地下水位无变化，因此地下水和膨胀性不是隧道底鼓的直接诱因。Abstract: During the operation of the southwestern YD tunnel, heaving appeared in multiple sections at the bottom of the tunnel, which caused the ballastless track slab to crack, resulting in damage and instability to the track structure and affecting the driving safety. The bottom drum of a tunnel is of strong regional characteristics, and the causes of the bottom drum are various. Studies at home and abroad can only discuss some tunnels. In order to find out the cause of the floor structure heaving, the micro-macro-engineering characteristics of the purplish red gently dipping layered silty mudstone in the floor structure heaving section are examined, and its influence on the tunnel floor structure heaving is analyzed. The laboratory experiment method is used to conduct comprehensive experiments on the surrounding rock properties such as the material compositions, microstructure, swelling, shear compressive strength, compression deformation of the silt mudstone, and the ground stress and hydrogeological conditions of the surrounding rock. Experiments and investigations show that the surrounding rocks in the study area can be judged as grade IV surrounding rocks according to rock quality evaluation standards. Its rocks are mainly composed of illite, quartz, chlorite, etc. It does not contain swelling clay minerals such as montmorillonite. There are pores with a size ranging from 2 to 8 μm on the bedding plane of the rock, and there are primary cracks with a length of 3~8 μm inside the rock. The uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock ranges from 11.3 to 21.8 MPa, and the rock belong to softer rocks. The physical and mechanical parameters of the rocks are greatly affected by water content. As the water content increases, the cohesion decreases by 50%, the compressive strength decreases by 45%~55%, and the elastic modulus decreases by 50%. The rock mass in the study area does not contain swellable minerals and is not expansive. At the same time, the groundwater level has not changed through on-site monitoring, so groundwater and expansion are not the direct inducements of the tunnel bottom drum. In short, the geological characteristics of the surrounding rocks of the tunnel are complex and special, and the cause of the tunnel bottom drum is not necessarily single. For the analysis of a tunnel bottom drum, multiple angles need to be analyzed.
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Key words:
- railway tunnel /
- floor structure heaving /
- material composition /
- microstructure /
- expansion
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