不同赋存环境下碳酸盐岩溶蚀过程试验模拟研究

林云; 任华鑫; 武亚遵; 贾方建; 刘朋; 梁家乐

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202002001

不同赋存环境下碳酸盐岩溶蚀过程试验模拟研究

1.
河南理工大学资源环境学院，河南焦作　454003

2.
中原经济区煤层(页岩)气河南省协同创新中心，河南焦作　454000

基金项目: 国家自然基金资助项目（41602265；41502224）；河南省博士后基金项目（16A170012）；河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划（2019GGJS055）

详细信息

作者简介: 林云(1983-)女，博士，副教授，主要从事水文地质工程地质教学研究工作。E-mail： ylzz5211@sina.com

通讯作者: 武亚遵(1981-)男，博士，副教授，主要从事水文地质工程地质教学研究工作。E-mail： wuyazun@163.com

中图分类号: P642.25

收稿日期: 2020-02-01

修回日期: 2020-05-14

刊出日期: 2021-03-15

Experimental simulation of the carbonate dissolution process under different occurrence conditions

1.
Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan　454003,　China

2.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region, Jiaozuo, Henan　454000,　China

More Information

Corresponding author: WU Yazun, wuyazun@163.com

Received Date: 01 February 2020

Revised Date: 14 May 2020

Publish Date: 15 March 2021

摘要

摘要:
目前，有关碳酸盐岩溶蚀过程的研究多集中在单一环境平衡状态下，不同赋存环境、微观尺度上的研究较少。鉴于此，为探讨不同赋存环境下碳酸盐岩溶蚀过程及微观变化特征，借助研制的岩溶水系统不同赋存环境下水岩相互作用模拟装置，选取典型岩溶水系统开放环境、半封闭环境与封闭环境的岩样，以CO₂溶液为酸性流体介质，开展室内溶蚀模拟试验，研究岩溶水中特征组分的变化规律进行模拟实验，并从宏观和微观尺度，研究岩溶水系统不同赋存环境下的碳酸盐岩溶蚀变化特征。结果显示：不同赋存环境下Ca²⁺、 ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ 含量、饱和指数及pH值空间变化特征不同，各特征组分均呈现出随径流方向、溶蚀时间逐渐增大的趋势。不同赋存环境下，碳酸盐岩受水溶液中CO₂含量的影响，在补给区的开放环境下溶蚀性最强，形成连通性较高的溶孔、溶隙。碳酸盐岩总溶蚀率均值是半开放环境的1.43倍，是封闭环境的2.70倍，半封闭与封闭环境下碳酸盐岩溶蚀后的微观结构介于孤立微孔与完全连通性溶隙之间。此外随深度的变化溶蚀量呈逐渐减弱的趋势，且浅部的变化更为明显。碳酸盐岩的溶蚀作用还受岩性控制，其随岩石中CaO/MgO比值的增大而增强。
- 赋存环境 /
- 碳酸盐岩 /
- 溶蚀特征 /
- 微观结构
Abstract:
At present, the researches on the dissolution process of carbonate rocks are mostly concentrated on a single environmental equilibrium state, and the researches in different occurrence environments and at a micro scale are relatively weak. In order to explore the dissolution process and the micro change characteristics of carbonate rocks in different occurrence environments, with the help of the developed simulation device of water-rock interaction in different occurrence environments of karst groundwater systems, the indoor dissolution simulation test of the representative rock samples of karst groundwater systems is carried out in the typical open environment, semi-closed environment and closed environment. CO₂ solution is used as the acid fluid medium. The changes and control factors of characteristic components in karst groundwater are examined, and the characteristics of the dissolution of representative minerals in different occurrence environments of karst groundwater systems are explored from the macro and micro perspectives. The results show that the spatial variation characteristics of the contents of Ca²⁺ and ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ , saturation index and pH value are different in different occurrence environments, and each characteristic component presents an increasing trend with the runoff direction and dissolution time. Under the influence of the CO₂ in the aqueous solution, the carbonate rock has the strongest dissolution in the open environment of the supply area, forming the solution pores and openings with high connectivity. The average value of the total dissolution rate of the carbonate rock is 1.43 times that of the total dissolution rate in the semi-open environment, 2.70 times that of the total dissolution rate in the closed environment. The microstructure in the semi closed environment is between the two forms of the isolated micropores and the completely connected gaps. In addition, with the change of depth, the amount of dissolution decreases gradually, and the change of shallow part is more obvious. The dissolution of carbonate rocks is also controlled by lithology and increases with the increasing CaO/MgO ratio.
- occurrence environment /
- carbonate rock /
- corrosion characteristics /
- microstructure

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图 1 钻孔岩心图

Figure 1.

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图 2 取样点水文地质图

Figure 2.

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图 3 不同赋存环境下室内溶蚀模拟装置图

Figure 3.

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图 4 不同赋存环境下室内溶蚀模拟装置实体图

Figure 4.

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图 5 部分样品镜下薄片特征

Figure 5.

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图 6 不同赋存环境 ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ 、Ca²⁺时空动态变化特征

Figure 6.

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图 7 pH值时空动态变化特征

Figure 7.

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图 8 饱和指数变化特征

Figure 8.

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图 9 总溶蚀率变化特征图

Figure 9.

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图 10 开放环境泥晶白云灰岩、半封闭环境泥晶灰岩和封闭环境泥微晶含石英白云岩溶蚀前、后微观变化特征

Figure 10.

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表 1 试验岩样岩性组分含量

Table 1. Statistics of lithologic components of the test rock samples

试验编号	采集位置	岩性	组分含量			矿物含量
试验编号	采集位置	岩性	CaO/%	MgO/%	酸不溶物/%	方解石/%	白云石/%
试验一	1	泥晶含云灰岩	53.21	0.139	1.23	91	6
	1	泥晶含云灰岩	53.21	0.139	1.23	91	6
	1	泥晶含云灰岩	53.21	0.139	1.23	91	6
试验二	1	泥晶含云灰岩	53.21	0.139	1.23	91	6
	2	泥晶灰岩	51.83	0.662	2.37	92	3
	3	泥微晶含石英白云岩	31.87	13.4	1.94	4	85

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表 2 各反应物生成物的热力学数据

Table 2. Thermodynamic data of the reactant products

反应物或产物	标准摩尔焓/(kJ·mol⁻¹)	标准摩尔熵/(kJ·mol⁻¹)	摩尔体积/(cm²·mol⁻¹)	临界温度/K	临界压力/Pa	C_p系数或C_p
反应物或产物	标准摩尔焓/(kJ·mol⁻¹)	标准摩尔熵/(kJ·mol⁻¹)	摩尔体积/(cm²·mol⁻¹)	临界温度/K	临界压力/Pa	a	b	c
CaCO₃	−1 208.22	92.68	36.934			104.5	0.0219	2.59×10⁶
CO₂	−393.52	213.69	24465	304.41	7.20×10⁶	44.22	8.79×10⁻³	8.620×10⁵
Ca²⁺	−542.6	−56.43	18.5
H₂O	−286.021	69.91	18.069	647.15	2.28×10⁷	30.5	0.0103 0	0
H⁺	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

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表 3 试验变量表

Table 3. Test variables

试验批号	赋存环境	岩样岩性	pH	溶蚀时间/h	岩块表面流速/(m·s⁻¹)	介质
试验一	开放环境	泥晶含云灰岩	6	80	5.4×10⁻³	碳酸水
	半封闭环境	泥晶含云灰岩
	封闭环境	泥晶含云灰岩
试验二	开放环境	泥晶含云灰岩	6	80	5.4×10⁻³	碳酸水
	半封闭环境	泥晶灰岩
	封闭环境	泥微晶含石英白云岩

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表 4 不同赋存环境下岩样溶蚀结果

Table 4. Dissolution results of the rock samples in different environments

试验号	埋深	开放环境		半封闭环境		封闭环境
试验号	埋深	总溶蚀率/ (mg·cm⁻²)	剥蚀速率/ （mm·a⁻¹)	总溶蚀率/ (mg·cm⁻²)	剥蚀速率/ （mm·a⁻¹)	总溶蚀率/ (mg·cm⁻²)	剥蚀速率/ （mm·a⁻¹)
试验一	20 cm	3.19	1.34	2.11	0.89	1.85	0.78
	40 cm	3.24	1.36	2.23	0.94	1.87	0.79
	60 cm	2.42	1.02	2.34	0.99	2.27	0.96
	均值	2.95	1.24	2.23	0.94	2.00	0.84
试验二	20 cm	2.74	1.15	0.58	0.24	0.68	0.29
	40 cm	3.52	1.48	1.60	0.67	0.60	0.25
	60 cm	3.42	1.44	1.18	0.50	0.56	0.24
	均值	3.23	1.36	1.12	0.47	0.61	0.26

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