New thoughts on the material characteristics and formation mechanism of the platform at the back edge of the 102 Landslide on the Sichuan—Tibet Highway
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摘要:
关于川藏公路102滑坡后缘平台物质特征及其形成机制，已有学者开展了大量研究，许多学者认为102滑坡发育于巨厚层冰碛物和冲洪积物组成的第四系松散堆积平台上，但支撑该结论的依据稍显不足，缺少深孔资料和物探成果等证据，也没有对位于高山深切峡谷区的102滑坡前后缘同时存在面积较大的冰碛台提出过疑问。在收集、整理和分析前人关于102滑坡研究成果的基础上，通过分析综合工程物探和102隧道勘察、施工期间的成果资料，对比帕隆藏布主沟内邻近且类似平台上获取的钻探资料，并与典型冰碛物的特征进行对比分析，认为该滑坡后缘平台物质主要为冰碛物的可能性较小；提出了该平台的物质组成为坡积物+冲洪积物+破碎岩质古滑坡体的观点；而古滑坡体前缘斜坡在地下水、降水、帕隆藏布冲刷以及川藏公路修建等因素的影响下，其稳定性逐渐降低，后期在自身重力、爆破振动、机械振动、地震等因素的作用下，古滑坡被诱发复活，即102滑坡形成。通过进一步研究102滑坡后缘平台物质特征及其形成机制，能够更好地认识藏东南地区的地质历史，对藏东南地区同类型滑坡的研究和防治工作具有参考意义。
Abstract:The material characteristics and formation mechanism of the platform at the back edge of the Sichuan—Tibet Highway 102 Landslide were examined by many scholars. The 102 Landslide is thought to develop in the Quaternary unconsolidated accumulation platform composed of huge thick moraine and alluvial sediments. On the platform, the basis for supporting the above conclusions is slightly insufficient, and evidence such as deep hole data and geophysical prospecting results are lacking. There is no doubt about the large moraine platform existing at the same time on the front and rear edges of the 102 Landslide located in the deep mountain valley area. Based on the collection, sorting and analysis of previous research results on the 102 Landslide, this paper compares the results obtained from the adjacent and similar platforms in the main ditch of the Parlung Zangbo by analyzing comprehensive engineering geophysical prospecting and the results of the 102 tunnel survey during its construction period. Drilling data and comparative analysis of the characteristics of typical glacial deposits indicate that the platform material at the rear edge of the landslide is mainly moraine. The point of view is proposed that the material compositions of the platform are slope deposits and alluvial sediments plus the broken rock ancient landslide body. The front slope of the ancient landslide body gradually decreases in stability under the influence of such factors as groundwater, rainfall, erosion by the Parlung Zangbo and the construction of the Sichuan—Tibet Highway. Vibration, mechanical vibration, earthquake and other factors induced the resurrection of the ancient landslides, namely, the formation of the 102 Landslide. By further studying the material characteristics and formation mechanism of the platform at the rear edge of the 102 Landslide, we can better understand the geological history of southeastern Tibet, which is of reference significance and economic value for the research and prevention of similar landslides in southeastern Tibet.
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Key words:
- Sichuan—Tibet Highway /
- 102 Landslide /
- moraine /
- ancient landslide /
- formation mechanism
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